Yaa Perspectives On Silk Manufacture Of India
Monday 17 December 2018
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PERSPECTIVES ON SILK INDUSTRY OF INDIA
R.S.BALAKUMAR
M.A. (SOCIOLOGY ), M.L.M.(Labour Management),
MBA (EXECUTIVE) inwards (FASHION-TECH), MISTE., Chennai, Republic of Republic of India
Cell: +91-9283182955
Email: rsbalakumar1953@gmail.com
Introduction
India is the 2nd largest producer of silk as well as accounts for nearly 18% of global raw silk production. According to 2014-15data reveals,
- Mulberry accounted for 74.7 per cent,
- Eri 16.3 per cent,
- Tasar 8.4 per cent as well as
- Muga 0.6%.of the total raw silk produced.
There are 5 major types of silk of commercial importance obtained from unlike species of silkworms. These are divided into 2 wide categories: Mulberry silk. Silk worm, which alone feeds on the leaves of the mulberry plant.
Bulk of mulberry silk produced inwards the ground comes from this variety. In India, major mulberry silk producing states are Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, West Bengal, Tamil Nadu as well as Jammu as well as Kashmir, which together concern human relationship for 92 per cent of the country’s total mulberry silk production.
Vanya or non-mulberry silk. This consists of all the other varieties of silk, viz: Temperate tasar silk. It is generated yesteryear the Antheraeamyiitta silkworm, which mainly thrives on the Asan as well as Arjun nutrient plants. Tasar is a copperish, coarse silk. It is produced inwards Jharkhand, Orissa, Maharastra, West Bengal as well as Andhra Pradesh.
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| Silk manufacture inwards India |
Muga silk. This is a golden xanthous silk obtained from semi-domesticated multivoltine silkworm Antheraeaassamensis. These silkworms feed on the aromatic leaves of
Silkworms eating mulberry leaves Sericulture, a cottage manufacture par excellence, is 1 of the most labourintensive sectors of indian economy. It combines the features of both agriculture as well as industry. Sericulture is the fine art of rearing silkworms for the production of cocoons, which are the raw stuff for silk production. Republic of Republic of India has the unique pose of existence the only county inwards the ground producing all varieties of silk.
Life-cycle of Sericulture
The next are the activities undertaken inwards sericulture:
Morticulture: Morticulture is the tillage of mulberry plants. The tillage is mainly taken upwardly inwards irrigated conditions. Flat, deep, fertile, well-drained loamy as well as clay-loamy soil alongside skillful moisture-holding capacity is ideal for mulberry cultivation.
Silkworm seed production: Seed production centres are called yesteryear unlike local names inwards the producing states. The seeds are diseasefree laying, which are prepared inwards the centres as well as supplied to the farmers for rearing. This provide is undertaken both yesteryear the authorities as well as private-sector centres.
Silkworm rearing: Silkworm rearing is considered to hold out an agrobased cottage industry. Silkworms are reared inwards well-ventilated rearing sheds yesteryear shoot rearing method. Marketing of cocoons. Farmers sell the cocoons inwards the nearest authorities cocoon markets. The cost is fixed yesteryear scientific methods as well as the finally selling cost is decided inwards the opened upwardly auction. In the market, silk reelers purchase the cocoons from the farmers for producing silk.
Silk reeling: Extraction of silk filaments from cocoons yesteryear employing a laid of processes is known every bit silk reeling. This reeling is done inwards iii ways—charka, cottage basins as well as multi-end basins.
The silk obtained out of the reeling procedure is called every bit raw silk. It is reeled yesteryear drawing together the filaments from half dozen to twelve cocoons based on the thickness required for the weaving sector. Marketing of raw silk. Raw silk produced yesteryear the silk reelers is marketed direct to the weavers or through silk exchanges functioning inwards unlike states.
All the raw silk lots brought yesteryear the silk reelers are tested for lineament inwards the silk exchanges. On the footing of this, flooring cost is fixed. The silk lots are as well as thus auctioned as well as immediate payment is made. Silk weaving.
Raw silk cannot hold out direct used for weaving. It is to hold out twisted earlier existence fed into the looms. The performance of converting raw silk into twisted silk is termed every bit twisting. This twisted silk is referred to every bit ready silk. The traditional silk sarees as well as dhotis are made on handlooms, whereas printed sarees, clothe materials, etc are made on mightiness looms. World production of raw silk PRC is the leading producer of raw silk inwards the world.
Area as well as production
Sericulture manufacture inwards Republic of Republic of India is good established inwards Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Orissa, Madhya Pradesh, Manipur, as well as Uttara hand, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal, Jammu as well as Kashmir as well as Bihar. Among these, Karnataka tops inwards the listing followed yesteryear Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal as well as Jammu as well as Kashmir inwards production.
Domestic demand
The Indian silk manufacture provide for mainly to the domestic saree industry, which has a round-the-year marketplace pose across the length as well as breadth of the country. Almost lxxx per cent of silk production goes for domestic consumption as well as the repose goes for internationalexports. There appears to hold out a marked imbalance inwards recent times betwixt the demand as well as provide inwards the domestic silk market.
Republic of Republic of India produced to a greater extent than or less 21,005 metric tonnes of raw silk inwards 2010-11, spell the total consumption per annum is to a greater extent than or less 29,000 metric tonnes. The additional requirement of nearly 8000 metric tonnes of silk, especially bivotine mulberry silk of international quality, is imported from China.
Silk Centres inwards Republic of Republic of India
Silk is existence intermingled alongside the life as well as civilization of Indians. Indian silk sarees are world-famous.
Traditional states Karnataka , Andhra Pradesh , Tamil Nadu , West Bengal , Jammu & Kashmir , Assam , Arunachal Pradesh , Bihar — , Chhattisgarh , Himachal Pradesh , Jharkhand , Kerala , Madhya Pradsh, Maharashtra , Manipur , Mizoram , Meghalaya , Nagaland ,Orissa , Punjab, Uttar Pradesh
Market Survey
The brands are named afterwards the identify of origin. Varanasi is famous for its finest silk sarees as well as heavy gold-silver brocades. The sarees are known for rich as well as involved woven motifs of leaves, flowers, fruits, birds, on a soft color background.
On the other hand, patola sarees are the pride of Gujarat. These are created yesteryear using the resist dying technique.
Export of silk goods from Republic of Republic of India exports natural silk yarn, fabrics, readymade garments, silk carpets as well as silk waste materials to the the States as well as European countries inwards large volumes. The marvolous designs as well as array of color combinations of silk materials produced inwards our traditional handlooms as well as our mightiness to provide these inwards pocket-sized quantities inside the country.
Important Silk Centres inwards India:
Indian silk rug continues to hold out inwards demand inwards Europe as well as the US. The export profits from silk are growing steadily over the years. However, the value came downward during 2010-11 to Rs 27,238.6 1000000 from Rs 28,924.4 1000000 inwards 2009-10 every bit tin give the axe hold out observed.
Problems of the sector
Indian sericulture sector is currently facing several problems which withdraw keep restricted total utilization of its potential. Some of the problems are:
Decline inwards the expanse nether mulberry as well as fluctuations inwards its production.
The reasons for these are:
This is a rural-oriented cottage manufacture inwards India. It provides gainful employment, mainly to the weaker as well as marginal sections every bit good every bit women. In India, sericulture is best suited for women empowerment. Hence efforts are needed to overcome the problems of this sector non only to increase the job opportunities but also to promote exports.
In this regard, next measures tin give the axe hold out taken:
The matrimony textile ministry building is reportedly exploring the opportunities inwards Africa to secure provide of silk. Several African countries are seeking overseas direct investment yesteryear Indian companies to promote silk production as well as export. However, a strong example exists for encouraging domestic production of silk as well as sustaining traditional silk crafts as well as skills. Republic of Republic of India retains tremendous unexploited potential for silk development.
Unlike other countries, where climate-related factors permit non to a greater extent than than a distich of cocoon crops a year, inwards Republic of Republic of India fifty-fifty 4 to half dozen crops are possible. Fortunately, Republic of Republic of India has the applied scientific discipline to reach bivoltine silk alongside desired traits but what lacks is investment inwards novel technologies. On a whole, India’s silk-based manufacture has to displace from home- or cottage-based production to largescale manufacturing every bit inwards China. So every bit to compete alongside China, Indian manufacturers should prepare their production technology,
Chinese authorities withdraw keep actively promoted silk evolution as well as are encouraging the production of Indian silk textiles, including traditional Indian silk textiles. So, earlier China-made Kanchipuram, Banaras or Mysore silk.
According to the silk export advertisement council (SEPC) tilt every bit mentioned below:
INDIAN SILK PROMOTION COUNCIL
The Indian Silk Promotion Council (ISEPC) has initiated programmes for growth as well as evolution of the silk industry. ISEPC organises merchandise shows as well as fairs across the ground to promote merchandise alongside unlike countries. The Council also facilitates meetings betwixt exporters as well as potential customers’ Indian market, nosotros ask to hold out to a greater extent than competitive at this situation.
Conclusion:
The brands are named afterwards the identify of origin. Varanasi is famous for its finest silk sarees as well as heavy gold-silver brocades. The sarees are known for rich as well as involved woven motifs of leaves, flowers, fruits, birds, on a soft color background.
On the other hand, patola sarees are the pride of Gujarat. These are created yesteryear using the resist dying technique.
- Maharashtra is known for its paithani silk sarees, which to a greater extent than ofttimes than non come upwardly from kumkum colours.
- The province of Madhya Pradesh is famous for chandan, maheshwari as well as tasar silk sarees.
- South Republic of Republic of India is the leading silk producing expanse of the country, famous for heavy as well as calorie-free silk sarees.
- Tamil Nadu is famous for magnificent heavy silk sarees of brilliant colours alongside silvery or gilt zari works.
- Karnataka is famous for first-class printed silks.
Export of silk goods from Republic of Republic of India exports natural silk yarn, fabrics, readymade garments, silk carpets as well as silk waste materials to the the States as well as European countries inwards large volumes. The marvolous designs as well as array of color combinations of silk materials produced inwards our traditional handlooms as well as our mightiness to provide these inwards pocket-sized quantities inside the country.
Important Silk Centres inwards India:
- State Silk centres
- Andhra Pradesh Dharmavaram, Pochampalli, Venkatagiri, Narainpet.
- Assam Sualkuchi.
- Bihar Bhagalpur.
- Gujarat Surat.Cambay .
- Jammu & KashmirSrinagar
- Karnataka, Bengaluru,
- Mysore, Anekal, Melukote, Kollegal.
- Maharashtra Palthan.
- Tamil Nadu Kanchipuram, Arni, Salem, Tanjavur
- Chhattisgarh,Champa, Chandri, Raigarh,
- Uttar Pradesh Varanasi ,
- West Bengal Bishnupur,
- Murshidabad, Birbhum
- The brocades as well as satins of Banaras,
- Intrinsic designs of kanchepuram sarees,
- Patola of Hyderabad,
- Dupion of Bengaluru as well as
- Hand-knitted carpets of Kashmir are the favourites of Europeans as well as Americans.
Indian silk rug continues to hold out inwards demand inwards Europe as well as the US. The export profits from silk are growing steadily over the years. However, the value came downward during 2010-11 to Rs 27,238.6 1000000 from Rs 28,924.4 1000000 inwards 2009-10 every bit tin give the axe hold out observed.
Problems of the sector
Indian sericulture sector is currently facing several problems which withdraw keep restricted total utilization of its potential. Some of the problems are:
Decline inwards the expanse nether mulberry as well as fluctuations inwards its production.
The reasons for these are:
- Urbanisation inwards traditional silk producing states .
- Fluctuations inwards prices.
- Inflow of Chinese silk inwards Indian marketplace pose .
- Shortage of agricultural labourers.
- Absence of strict illness command measures.
- Poor grading organization of cocoons.
- Lack of efforts to increase the expanse .
- Fragmented as well as ad-hoc approach .
- Improper forrard as well as backward linkages.
- High cost of production as well as depression productivity .
- Prevalence of former technologies.
- Manipulations yesteryear the intermediaries inwards the merchandise of raw silk .
- Failure to capture international markets due to pitiable quality.
This is a rural-oriented cottage manufacture inwards India. It provides gainful employment, mainly to the weaker as well as marginal sections every bit good every bit women. In India, sericulture is best suited for women empowerment. Hence efforts are needed to overcome the problems of this sector non only to increase the job opportunities but also to promote exports.
In this regard, next measures tin give the axe hold out taken:
- Enhance the production of bivoltine silk though proper incentives similar evolution of tropical breeds
- Introduce high-yielding mulberry varieties
- Increase cocoons productivity
- Introduce tasar reeling applied scientific discipline bundle
- Develop integrated nutrient management measures
- Develop bio-control agents against diseases
- Develop pest-management measures against diverse pests of mulberry as well as silkworms
- Increase non-mulberry silk production
- Quality-based pricing
- Provide assistance to producers to shift to bivoltine silk
- Adopt clusters of villages for meliorate marketing atmospheric condition
- Impose anti-dumping duty
- Implement silk grade inwards a strict agency
The matrimony textile ministry building is reportedly exploring the opportunities inwards Africa to secure provide of silk. Several African countries are seeking overseas direct investment yesteryear Indian companies to promote silk production as well as export. However, a strong example exists for encouraging domestic production of silk as well as sustaining traditional silk crafts as well as skills. Republic of Republic of India retains tremendous unexploited potential for silk development.
Unlike other countries, where climate-related factors permit non to a greater extent than than a distich of cocoon crops a year, inwards Republic of Republic of India fifty-fifty 4 to half dozen crops are possible. Fortunately, Republic of Republic of India has the applied scientific discipline to reach bivoltine silk alongside desired traits but what lacks is investment inwards novel technologies. On a whole, India’s silk-based manufacture has to displace from home- or cottage-based production to largescale manufacturing every bit inwards China. So every bit to compete alongside China, Indian manufacturers should prepare their production technology,
Chinese authorities withdraw keep actively promoted silk evolution as well as are encouraging the production of Indian silk textiles, including traditional Indian silk textiles. So, earlier China-made Kanchipuram, Banaras or Mysore silk.
According to the silk export advertisement council (SEPC) tilt every bit mentioned below:
KEY MARKETS AND EXPORT DESTINATIONS
In 2014–15, Indian silk exports stood at US$ 449.7 million. Readymade silk garments formed the largest segment generating to a greater extent than or less 67.7 per cent of silk export earnings, spell natural silk yarn, fabrics as well as made-ups comprised 27.8 per cent of silk export earnings. The UAE as well as the the States are the major markets for the export of Indian silk goods.The UK, France, Italy as well as Deutschland are other major export markets. The silk products exported include natural silk yarns, fabrics, made-ups, readymade garments, silk carpets as well as silk waste. INDIAN SILK PROMOTION COUNCIL
The Indian Silk Promotion Council (ISEPC) has initiated programmes for growth as well as evolution of the silk industry. ISEPC organises merchandise shows as well as fairs across the ground to promote merchandise alongside unlike countries. The Council also facilitates meetings betwixt exporters as well as potential customers’ Indian market, nosotros ask to hold out to a greater extent than competitive at this situation.
Conclusion:
India is having the tremendous potential for silk production. Domestic as well as international marketplace pose is considerably higher inwards its perspectives. Foreign telephone substitution value is also good. More job opportunities are available inwards modern fourth dimension for rural women as well as also rural men.