Now You Know Acrylic Fiber: Properties, Manufacturing Flowchart and Application

Basics of Acrylic Fiber

Vyas Darshan Pankajbhai
Department of Textile Engineering,
Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda,
Baroda -390002, India
Email: vyasdarshan21@gmail.com

Acrylic Fiber
Acrylic Fiber is synthetic Fiber is made of polymerization of acrylonitrile with an molecule weight above 100000, about 1900 monomer unit. For a called as 'Acrylic”. Typical Co-monomer are vinyl acetate or methyl acrylate.

Acrylic is defined as a refers to a fiber containg at least 85% acrylonitrile monomer, while in modacrylic the percentage of acrylonitrile must be less than 85% but greater than 35%.
Acrylic Fiber have replaced wool as it gives same properties as wool fiber like warmth, etc..
Acrylic monomer =(CH2=CH-CN) made by following reaction.
Cross - Sectional Shape of acrylic fiber.

Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda Now You Know Acrylic Fiber: Properties, Manufacturing Flowchart and Application

Acrylic Fiber have replaced wool as
It gives same properties as wool fiber like warmth, etc..
Acrylic monomer =(CH2=CH-CN) made by following reaction

CH=CH + HCN --------->-(CH2=CH-CN)

(acetylene) (Hydrogen Cyanide) (Acrylonitrile)

Major Production Of Acrylic Fiber:-

Spinning of Acrylic fiber:

(1). Solution Spinning

Wet Spinning.
Dry Spinning

(2). Melt Spinning
Out of above techniques wet spinning is mostly prefer for production of acrylic fiber. Above all methods like wet spinning, in this fiber make by using solvents in particular coagulation bath mix with appropriate percentage of solvent and other chemical. This process take more time to produce fiber compare to other spinning methods like, dry & melt.

Fig: Principle of wet spinning

Production of Acrylic Fiber:
Here shows production flow chart of acrylic fiber:-

Acrylic fiber is produced by free radical suspension polymerization is used and production is carry out in Dry & Wet Spinning.

Properties of Acrylic Fiber:-

Structure: - Normal C/s Of dog bones.
Density :-1.17 gm/cc ( light weight)
Crystallinity :-65 to 85%
Moisture Regain :- 2.5
Tenacity :-2.0 to 3.6 Gpd
Nature :- Thermoplastic
Elasticity :- at 2% extension 35%
Appearance :- Slightly wavy
M. P. :- 232 to 255' C
Chemically: - Resistance to weak alkali, less resistance to acid, no damage due to sunlight, no attraction to moth larva and microorganisms.