Yaa Ergonomic Workplace Evaluation Inwards Ugandan Clothe Plants (Part-3)
Friday 21 December 2018
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Ergonomic Workplace Evaluation inward Ugandan Apparel Plants (Part-3)
Tebyetekerwa Mike
Dept. of Textile & Clothing Technology
Kyambogo University
Kampala, Republic of Uganda
Tel: +256(0)773770312 // +256(0)701181383
Email: miketebyeks@gmail.com
Tebyetekerwa Mike
Dept. of Textile & Clothing Technology
Kyambogo University
Kampala, Republic of Uganda
Tel: +256(0)773770312 // +256(0)701181383
Email: miketebyeks@gmail.com
2.4.1 Assembly Department
The main tasks inward assembling article of apparel are:
- Sewing
- Loading automated rails scheme
Assembly tasks convey many unlike components that must hold out considered inward an ergonomic assessment including:
 |
| Sewing fabric |
- supply together with removal of garments,
- sewing table,
- chair,
- floor surface,
- foot pedals,
- lighting,
- hand tools together with
- work organization.
Supply together with removal of garments
Supply methods used to agree the diverse pieces of the unfinished garment at the workstation prior to the operator assembling them. Removal – deposit of the garment in i lawsuit the operator has completed the job. The operator has to achieve to both the furnish together with removal locations at to the lowest degree in i lawsuit inward the locomote cycle.
Common problems
Boxes. Large boxes that are depression to the lay down practise an awkward achieve together with curvature during each pickup.
Tables. Tables are often made of overturned or total boxes. Tables are inward pitiable locations, unstable or garments autumn off them together with hence operators convey to achieve to the flooring to alternative them up.
Workhorses. Workhorses are likewise depression creating an awkward achieve for the operator together with are likewise smooth, causing the garments to autumn off.
Attachments to the sewing table. Wooden bars attached to the sewing tabular array are used every bit the furnish location. These bars are sometimes located likewise far from the operator, are likewise modest or allow the garments to skid off them.
Non-automated rails system. Inflexible scheme amongst pitiable locomote organisation requires operators to manually take total hangers from the rails to carry them to some other workstation. This is a really awkward together with heavy elevator together with carry.
Automated rails system. Pieces non delivered to the workstation at an ideal tiptop require the operator to reach, curvature and/or twist to achieve the garment. Sewing tables larger than necessary practise non allow the operator to larn to a greater extent than or less the hanger. Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 lot of strength is required to claw together with unhook the garments from the hangers. Hangers autumn off the rails together with the operators convey to elevator them dorsum on. Buttons that command the movement of the hangers are often likewise far away from the operator or inward awkward locations. This scheme creates specialties.
Sewing Table.
The dimensions of the sewing tabular array that should hold out considered are the:
- height
- size
- shape
- tilt together with
- leg room.
Height. Sewing tables are non easily adjustable. Tables that are likewise high practise elevated shoulder postures together with non-neutral elbow together with wrist postures. Tables that are likewise depression crusade the operator to lean forrard together with flex his or her neck.
Size together with shape. Some tables are non large plenty to back upwards the weight of the garment.
Other tables are likewise large together with brand it the means of tardily pickup together with deposit, especially when using automated carry systems. Many tables are non the appropriate shape for the job.
Table angle. Almost all sewing tables are flat. Flat sewing tables practise non maximize visibility together with compromise the posture of the upper extremity together with neck.
Leg room. Sewing machine operators convey express legroom because of drawers and/or trash chutes attached to the underside of the table.
Some plants provide slightly amend chairs that convey some tiptop or dorsum adjustment capabilities but they cannot hold out adjusted chop-chop together with easily together with practise non provide sufficient dorsum support. Some plants purchase chairs that they believe are ergonomically correct, but they practise non come across the needs of the operators. Common problems that occur when buying ergonomic chairs are that i private selects the chair together with it does non agree all or fifty-fifty most operators, together with it is non right for all tasks. For example, the chair may convey castors or may swivel when this is non right for the job. Often the spot pan is likewise large, resulting inward the backrest non touching the dorsum of the operator. The spot pan may convey an uncomfortable hump at the front, causing the operator to sit down on the front end border of the spot together with non role the backrest. Individuals are non instructed inward how to role the chairs properly. Without proper preparation the many benefits of ergonomic chairs are lost.
Foot Pedals
Most sewing machine operators role i treadle, which controls the direction together with speed of the sewing machine. Some operators role additional smaller pedals that elevator the presser pes or cutting the thread.
Common problems
Treadles are really rarely inward a proper spot for the operators. They are either likewise far forrard or likewise to a greater extent than or less the operator. Both problems are bad for the posture of the operator. Treadles are unremarkably likewise modest to hold out comfortably operated past times both feet, together with some are at a really steep angle. The pedal is unremarkably non inward a comfortable position. When solely i pes is used the operators rarely convey a footrest to back upwards the non-working foot. For standing operations the pedals are likewise high, requiring the operator to residuum on i leg, together with they cannot hold out moved to rotate the endeavor betwixt both legs.
Floor surface
Some assembly tasks are performed from a standing position. When working inward a standing spot the flooring surface is really of import to the comfort of the worker together with may influence the jeopardy of injury.
Common problems
Operators correspond extended periods of fourth dimension on difficult surfaces.
Hand tools
Sewing machine operators ofttimes role several tools such every bit pair of scissors or knives together with occasionally hammers.
Common problems
Scissors. Large, heavy pair of scissors are used for trimming threads together with are held past times the blade to provide accuracy. Operators cutting through several layers of cloth amongst pair of scissors that are likewise modest together with practise non provide plenty leverage. Scissor handles are narrow together with practise contact stresses. Scissors are tedious together with require excessive strength to operate.
Knives. Knives without handles are used to take stitching.
Hammers. Inappropriate items are used for hammering seams on garments such every bit ball peen hammers together with wrenches.
Work Organization
Common problems
Assembly tasks are really repetitive together with provide the opera- tors amongst piffling chance for rest. Many operators perform solely i functioning amongst no labor rotation. The repetitive nature of the labor is made worse past times automated delivery systems or past times other workers deliver- ing unfinished garments to the operators. “Team work” systems practise non ever provide labor variety for all operators. Workstation adjustment policies are non really effective because of lack of preparation of both the operators together with the individuals responsible for the adjustments. Workplaces convey no throttle to packet sizes together with they sometimes are much likewise large.
2.4.1.1 Loading the automated rails system
Common problems
Parts existence loaded are poorly organized. The working tiptop of the tabular array is near ever likewise depression together with the tiptop of the hangers is ever likewise high. Operators are non able to conform the tiptop of whatsoever workstation components.
Leg room. Sewing machine operators convey express legroom because of drawers and/or trash chutes attached to the underside of the table.
Chairs
The chair is a critical slice of equipment for sewing machine operators who locomote inward a seated position. It tin dismiss convey a really large impact on the comfort of the worker together with tin dismiss impact the jeopardy of musculus hurting together with injury.
The chair is a critical slice of equipment for sewing machine operators who locomote inward a seated position. It tin dismiss convey a really large impact on the comfort of the worker together with tin dismiss impact the jeopardy of musculus hurting together with injury.
Common problems
Operators are provided amongst really pitiable chairs such every bit stacking chairs. These chairs are non adjustable. They provide no cushioning or dorsum back upwards together with the border of the spot constricts blood current at the dorsum of the legs because of a large rounded hump or foursquare edge.
Operators are provided amongst really pitiable chairs such every bit stacking chairs. These chairs are non adjustable. They provide no cushioning or dorsum back upwards together with the border of the spot constricts blood current at the dorsum of the legs because of a large rounded hump or foursquare edge.
Some plants provide slightly amend chairs that convey some tiptop or dorsum adjustment capabilities but they cannot hold out adjusted chop-chop together with easily together with practise non provide sufficient dorsum support. Some plants purchase chairs that they believe are ergonomically correct, but they practise non come across the needs of the operators. Common problems that occur when buying ergonomic chairs are that i private selects the chair together with it does non agree all or fifty-fifty most operators, together with it is non right for all tasks. For example, the chair may convey castors or may swivel when this is non right for the job. Often the spot pan is likewise large, resulting inward the backrest non touching the dorsum of the operator. The spot pan may convey an uncomfortable hump at the front, causing the operator to sit down on the front end border of the spot together with non role the backrest. Individuals are non instructed inward how to role the chairs properly. Without proper preparation the many benefits of ergonomic chairs are lost.
Foot Pedals
Most sewing machine operators role i treadle, which controls the direction together with speed of the sewing machine. Some operators role additional smaller pedals that elevator the presser pes or cutting the thread.
Common problems
Treadles are really rarely inward a proper spot for the operators. They are either likewise far forrard or likewise to a greater extent than or less the operator. Both problems are bad for the posture of the operator. Treadles are unremarkably likewise modest to hold out comfortably operated past times both feet, together with some are at a really steep angle. The pedal is unremarkably non inward a comfortable position. When solely i pes is used the operators rarely convey a footrest to back upwards the non-working foot. For standing operations the pedals are likewise high, requiring the operator to residuum on i leg, together with they cannot hold out moved to rotate the endeavor betwixt both legs.
Floor surface
Some assembly tasks are performed from a standing position. When working inward a standing spot the flooring surface is really of import to the comfort of the worker together with may influence the jeopardy of injury.
Common problems
Operators correspond extended periods of fourth dimension on difficult surfaces.
Hand tools
Sewing machine operators ofttimes role several tools such every bit pair of scissors or knives together with occasionally hammers.
Common problems
Scissors. Large, heavy pair of scissors are used for trimming threads together with are held past times the blade to provide accuracy. Operators cutting through several layers of cloth amongst pair of scissors that are likewise modest together with practise non provide plenty leverage. Scissor handles are narrow together with practise contact stresses. Scissors are tedious together with require excessive strength to operate.
Knives. Knives without handles are used to take stitching.
Hammers. Inappropriate items are used for hammering seams on garments such every bit ball peen hammers together with wrenches.
Work Organization
Common problems
Assembly tasks are really repetitive together with provide the opera- tors amongst piffling chance for rest. Many operators perform solely i functioning amongst no labor rotation. The repetitive nature of the labor is made worse past times automated delivery systems or past times other workers deliver- ing unfinished garments to the operators. “Team work” systems practise non ever provide labor variety for all operators. Workstation adjustment policies are non really effective because of lack of preparation of both the operators together with the individuals responsible for the adjustments. Workplaces convey no throttle to packet sizes together with they sometimes are much likewise large.
2.4.1.1 Loading the automated rails system
Common problems
Parts existence loaded are poorly organized. The working tiptop of the tabular array is near ever likewise depression together with the tiptop of the hangers is ever likewise high. Operators are non able to conform the tiptop of whatsoever workstation components.