Yaa Waterproof Breathable Fabrics: Production Change Too Recent Developments (Part-2)

Waterproof Breathable Fabrics: Product Modification together with Recent Developments (Part-2)

Shailja Sharma
M. Tech. Scholar
Department of Textile Technology,
NIT Jalandhar, India
Cell: +91- 8872-431933
Email: shailjadrs@gmail.com

Previous Part

3.2 Smart Breathable Fabrics
Smart Fabrics together with Interactive Textiles are defined equally having an in-built might to reply to external stimuli, including electrical, mechanical, thermal, chemic or magnetic. Current smart textile systems aiming to cut down the discomfort caused past times moving betwixt hot together with mutual frigidness environments to a greater extent than oft than non rely on temperature equally a stimulus [20]. Temperature sensitive polymers tin give the sack endure used inwards membranes together with coatings inwards combination amongst cloth which gives waterproof breathability inwards which WVP changes amongst alter inwards temperature. To blueprint fabrics which tin give the sack utilization humidity equally a trigger to react to changes inwards the micro-climate inwards lodge to locomote on the wearer dryer for longer together with larn dry out quicker tin give the sack endure to a greater extent than comfortable to have on [11].

3.2.1 TS-PU (Temperature Sensitive Polyurethane)
Temperature-sensitive polyurethane (TS-PU) is i novel type of smart polymer. The H2O vapour permeability (WVP) of its membrane could undergo a important increment equally temperature increases within a predetermined temperature range. Such smart textiles would non solely endure waterproof at whatever temperature, but too render variable breathability inwards response to the climate temperature [17].

3.2.2 Temperature-Sensitive Copolymer
A smart breathable cotton fiber fabrics using a temperature-sensitive copolymer - poly (N-tertbutylacrylamide-ran-acrylamide:: 27: 73) was developed past times Save et al.

Recipe Used:

• Copolymer(aq.) -20 wt%
• 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid (cross-linker)-50 mol%
• Sodium hypophosphite (catalyst)-0.5 wt%

Followed past times drying (120°C, five min) together with curing (200°C, five min).

The coatings after integration to the cotton fiber substrate retained temperature-sensitive swelling behavior together with showed a transition inwards the temperature hit of 15-40°C. The coated fabrics showed a temperature-responsive H2O vapour transmission charge per unit of measurement (WVTR) [6].

3.2.3 HPMC
Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) is an intensively investigated temperature-sensitive polymer which has a simultaneously hydrophilic together with hydrophobic construction together with demonstrates a depression critical solution temperature (LCST) at nearly 55.65 °C. In an aqueous solution, the macromolecular chains of HPMC experience reversible solubility together with exhibit a important hydration-dehydration alter inwards response to temperature stimulus. These polymers select both hydrophilic together with hydrophobic groups inwards their structure. Below LCST, the hydrophilic interactions dominate together with polymer becomes soluble inwards water, patch higher upwardly this temperature hydrophobic interactions dominate together with polymer becomes insoluble inwards water. The gel alter shape past times swelling inwards H2O below transition temperature together with de-swells higher upwardly transition temperature [17].

The temperature responsive smart breathable behavior of the HPMC coated cloth was studied inwards a recent research.

DSC Curve for HPMC Polymer

Recipe Used:

• HPMC(aq.) -10 wt%
• Citric acid(cross-linker)-5 wt%
• Sodium carbonate (catalyst)-0.5 wt%

And hence followed past times drying together with curing.

The coatings after integration to the cotton fiber substrate retained temperature-sensitive swelling behavior together with showed a transition inwards the temperature hit of 30-40°C.The coated cloth is exposed to external temperature, it volition display swelling/shrinkage or hydration/dehydration properties, together with crusade changes inwards the H2O vapour transmission rates (WVTR), permeance together with permeability of the fabrics [17].

3.3 Fabrics based on Biomimetics
Biomimicry or biomimetics- is a novel agency to retrieve of how nosotros may endure producing novel materials inwards the future. Biomimicry is derived from the Greek give-and-take „bio‟ –meaning life together with „mimetic‟ important „mimic.‟ Biomimetics is the scientific discipline of applying nature's principles to human engineering together with blueprint [19]. Biomimetics is the mimicking of biological mechanisms, amongst modification, to create useful artificial items [2]. And biomimetics clothes are those which mimic the wonders of biological earth together with perform to a greater extent than effectively

3.3.1 The Pine Cone Effect
Humidity-responsive adaptive textiles reply to levels of humidity inwards the micro-climate, hence that breathability improves equally the stuff begins to saturate [18]. The fabrics based on pino cone tin give the sack endure used for a to a greater extent than effective waterproof breathability. Pine cone opens together with closes its spines according to the weather, If it's going to rain, the spines closed upwardly to protect the seeds within together with if it's going to rest dry, the spines opened upwardly up to ameliorate the chances of the seeds escaping [13]. Researchers at England's Bath University together with the London College of Fashion are trying to blueprint biomimetics clothes that could piece of employment the same way. The cloth could endure made amongst an outer layer of tiny spikes, solely 1/200th of a millimetre wide. When it's hot, the spikes would opened upwardly up to allow out the heat, cooling yous down. When it's cold, the spikes would flatten dorsum downward to trap air together with render to a greater extent than effective insulation [13].

Open Spines of a Pine Cone

Closed Spines of a Pine Cone

NIKE MARCO REACT
Nike introduced similar concept to create its „Macro React‟ hit amongst a Fish-scale Pattern. It was commencement worn past times lawn tennis star Maria Sharapova at the States Open 2006 together with after past times Roger Federer at Wimbledon.

When somebody have on this clothing, upon perspiration, the flaps inwards the cloth swings opened upwardly to unloosen rut together with wet to locomote on i dry out together with cool. The same have on is made agency for golf game dresses [16].

INOTEK Fibres
Also the introduction of INOTEK Fibres developed past times MMT Textiles, which works on pino cone effect, has brought a novel revolution inwards the acre of waterproof breathability. The fibres alleviate the feeling of dampness past times increasing the permeability of yarns together with textiles equally wet builds upwardly to a greater extent than or less them. The manufacturers inwards the acre of sports clothing, base of operations layers, underwear, socks together with bedding fabrics tin give the sack convey novel products that has improved comfort which tin give the sack endure delivered past times keeping them dryer for longer together with getting them dry out quicker inwards extreme conditions. The U.S.A. Army Natick Soldier Research, Development together with Engineering Centre inwards Massachusetts select tested a hit of textiles using INOTEK patented fibres together with validated all the resulting data. They verified its performance via a serial of tests carried out on 100% INOTEK fibres, its blend amongst natural fibres similar Merino wool together with commercial fibres similar Tencel, all the assay samples showed significantly improvement inwards permeability at 98% Rh against relevant assay together with command samples. The breathability of INOTEK textiles improves gradually from the commencement call for of elevated relative humidity upwardly to optimum performance at the call for of saturation [20].

INOTEK fibres piece of employment but reverse to the wool fibres. As the stuff starts absorbing wet the fibres start to closed (mimicking the pino cone) together with cut down inwards mass causing yarn to sparse three-dimensionally inwards the cross-section. Microscopic air pockets are opened inwards the stuff together with this increases its breathability. In contrast to pure wool, an INOTEK/wool blended yarn tin give the sack cut down its thickness past times upwardly to 10% of its master copy width inwards damp conditions. The reactive response to humidity is too reversible. INOTEK fibres revert dorsum to their master copy nation inwards dry out conditions, reducing air permeability together with increasing insulation of the textile equally inwards instance of pino cone[20].

INOTEK fibres tin give the sack notice application non solely inwards wearing apparel sector but too inwards wellness together with hygiene sector such equally bedding, where to a greater extent than efficient wet administration would endure of huge make goodness together with injure dressing, where this unique breathable engineering could command wet levels beneath the dressing, enhancing comfort whilst offering the same degree of protection from infection etc [20].

3.3.2 Transpiration within a Leaf Effect

Transpiration is a procedure that involves loss of H2O vapour through the stomata of plants. The loss of H2O vapour from the establish cools downward the establish when the atmospheric condition is rattling hot. When the establish loses H2O through transpiration from the leaves, H2O from the stalk together with roots moves upward, or is `pulled', into the leaves.

Open together with closed tomato

AZKO NOBEL’s Stomatex

The have on is made of neoprene cloth along amongst foam insulation which has tiny hole similar dome, equally similar the transpiration procedure within a leaf, which provides a controlled unloosen of H2O vapour to brand the have on comfortable. Stomatex is claimed to reply to the degree of activity past times pumping faster equally to a greater extent than rut is produced, returning to a to a greater extent than passive nation when the wearer is at rest. Stomatex is used inwards conjunction amongst Sympatex, Akzo Nobel‟s waterproof breathable membrane, to create a breathable waterproof insulating barrier for utilization inwards have on together with footwear. The manufacturer claimed it equally „the most comfortable have on together with footwear systems inwards the earth today‟ [2] [12] [16].

4. Conclusion:
The engineering has witnessed important developments inwards the acre of waterproof breathable fabrics inwards recent times from bi-components to smart breathable fabrics including biomimetic clothes together with at that topographic point is a long agency to locomote inwards the future. The evolution of INOTEK fibres has brought a revolution inwards the acre equally they volition ameliorate the criterion of products inwards lineament together with functionality. Among all the products beingness used inwards this acre the biomimetic have on tin give the sack endure proved best effective.The scopes are unlimited together with resources are infinite. Any alter inwards the engineering together with methods tin give the sack Pb to the evolution inwards the acre of Waterproof Breathable Fabrics which tin give the sack endure used effectively together with efficiently inwards nigh future.

5. References:

5.1 Publications:

1. Arunangshu Mukhopadhyay together with Vinay Midha (2008), “A Review on Designing Waterproof Breathable Fabrics Part I: Fundamental Principles together with Designing Aspects of Breathable Fabrics”, Journal of Industrial Textiles; 37(3):225-262.
2. A R Horrocks together with south C Anand, Handbook of Technical Textiles:“Chapter 12 Waterproof Breathable Fabrics”, 1st Edition, Woodhead Publishing, New York, 2000
3. Ilhen Ozen (2012); “Multi-Layered Breathable Fabric Structures amongst Enhanced Water Resistance”; Journal of Engineered Fibers together with Fabrics; Volume 7, Issue 4; 63-69.
4. Devanand Uttam (2013); “Active Sportswear Fabrics”; International Journal of IT, Engineering together with Applied Sciences Research; Volume 2, Issue 1; 34-40
5. Han-Yong Jeon, Woven Fabrics: “Chapter vi Polyester Microfilament Woven Fabrics”, 1st Edition, InTech Publication, 2012
6. Save.N.S., Jassal.M., together with Agrawal.A.K..; Journal of Industrial Textiles, Jan 1, 2005; 34(3): 139 - 155

5.2 Websites

1. http://www.marmot.com/
2. http://www.asfgroup.com/
3. http://www.patagonia.com/
4. http://www.thenorthface.com/
5. http://www.inotechtextiles.com/
6. http://www.stomatex.com/

5.3 Online Articles

1. Biomimetics Clothes past times Chris Woodford. http://www.explainthatstuff.com/biomimeticclothing.html
2. An Overview of Waterproof Breathable Fabrics past times Ariful Hasan, Al-amin Sohag, Lutfur Rahman, Uzzal Hossain, NM Walid. /search?q=waterproof-breathable-fabrics-part-1
3. Waterproof Breathable Fabrics- Explained past times Matt Fuller together with Dr Mark Taylor. http://www.ukclimbing.com/articles/page.php?id=4556
4. Biomimetics: Engineering New Textile past times Md. Abbas Uddin Shiyak http://www.textiletoday.com.bd/magazine/30
5. Application of smart polymers to textile By S. Ariharasudhan, R. P.Sundaram http://www.fibre2fashion.com/industry-article/2/132/application-of-smart-polymers-to-textile8.asp
6. Biomimetic fibres mimic pino cones inwards responce to humidity http://www.newmaterials.com/News_Detail_Biomimetic_fibres_mimic_pine_cones_in_responce_to_humidity_12895.asp#ixzz3JJJ2QUYU
7. New 'Smart-fabric' inspired past times pino cones http://www.gizmag.com/go/3515/
8. New biomimetic fibres to revolutionize textile sector http://www.fibre2fashion.com/news/textile-news/newsdetails.aspx?news_id=120745&page=1 

 

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