Yaa Range Of Cvc Knit Stuff Dyeing Without Pretreatment

Scope of CVC Knit Fabric Dyeing without Pretreatment

Authors: Arifur Rahman Raju, Md. Minhazul Islam
Md. Shahin Khandakar Nayem, Md. Aowsaf Islam
Mesbah Uddin Ahmed, Md. Nazmul Islam
Md. Shahidul Karim, Md. Azhar Uddin
Sudipta Bhattacharjee, Md. Mazidul Haque Ridoy
Md. Mahfuzul Haque Refat, Md. Rezaul Karim
B.Sc. inward Textile Engineering
Textile Engineering College, Noakhali, People's Republic of Bangladesh
Email: shuvotex1@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
Nowadays CVC knit cloth is dyed amongst pretreatment. As a final result huge amount of chemicals, water, time, coin etc are required. But if it is done without pretreatment, the final result could receive got been ameliorate together with the terms volition live minimized. By comparing pretreated together with without pretreated fabric, the color fastness properties are same. But the strength, K\S value is comparatively higher than the pretreated fabric. On the other mitt without pretreated cloth tin relieve chemicals, time, water, coin etc. So considering these results it tin live introduced inward garments or textile industries equally a novel era of less pollution dyeing system volition live opened obviously.

CHAPTER ONE 

INTRODUCTION

1.1 INTRODUCTION

Dyeing is the physical care for of adding color to textile products similar fibers, yarns together with fabrics. Dyeing is unremarkably done inward a exceptional solution containing dyes together with detail chemic material. Dyes are obtained from flowers, nuts, barriers together with other forms of vegetables together with plants equally good equally from beast together with mineral sources. These are known equally natural dyes. The other shape of dye is known equally synthetic dyes. These are based on a detail type of chemic compositions. Some of these dyes are –Acid dyes, Basic dyes, sulphur dyes, Vat dyes, Reactive dyes, together with Pigment dyes. Color is applied to cloth yesteryear unlike methods of dyeing for unlike types of fiber together with at unlike stages of the textile production process. Pretreatment is done for removing the natural impurities of textile raw material. This impurities include yesteryear products on cotton fiber such equally waxes, proteins etc. For knit cloth (polyester-cotton blend) scouring together with bleaching are done equally pretreatment. Scouring is the physical care for inward which the cloth is treated amongst alkali (NaOH) at room temperature or a suitable higher temperature together with yesteryear this physical care for crude , fat, wax & other natural & added impurities are removed .Absorbency of the cloth also increases a greater extent inward this process. Natural coloring matters together with remaining line impurities are removed from the greyish cloth yesteryear bleaching. So, the cloth gets a permanent white color which is really of import for the next dyeing or printing physical care for .Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is top dog agents for scouring. After scouring physical care for the excess NaOH which is given upwards yesteryear mixing amongst H2O of pond, river, canal. As a final result pH of H2O increment which causes lack of oxygen inward H2O which final result inward expiry of living organism of H2O .It also decreases the fertility of cultivated province .In bleaching physical care for mainly sodium hydrochloride or hydrogen peroxide is used. These chemicals are harmful for wellness .The H2O amongst these chemicals is restricted to surrender without whatsoever handling .So effluent handling is done earlier giving upwards this water. This handling adds labor cost, electricity terms which ultimately affects total production cost. Beside this extra terms is added for pretreatment.

1.2 AIM

Dyeing of CVC fabric without pretreatment for reducing harmful number due to role of excess chemicals, minimizing physical care for terms together with others.

1.3 OBJECTIVES

• To relieve chemicals
• To improve physical properties of CVC cloth
• To trim back dyeing processing steps
• To announce minimum shade percent
• To trim back processing terms
• To trim back usage of H2O
• To make eco friendly dyeing process

CHAPTER TWO

 LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 INTRODUCTION
One researcher carries on his query nigh dyeing of P/C blend cloth together with takes it equally challenge to the modern textile industries due to its variation inward color value, shade depth, tensile strength & surface residue weight loss. The researcher measures his query final result on the reason of attempt of color fastness, conclusion of weight loss, abrasion resistance, SEM Topography, FTIR analysis, Thermal analysis, X-Ray diffraction studies, dyeing demeanor of fabric, weight loss together with abrasion resistance measurement, Tearing strength measure etc. The H2O fastness or launder fastness together with low-cal fastness tin live improved yesteryear the proper analysis of the thermodynamic equilibrium of dye fiber bond together with its stoichiometry. Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 grouping of investigators ready their query on dyeing of polyester/cotton cloth using disperse/reactive dye stuffs inward i bathroom method of dyeing processes. In fellowship to improve the adhesion of chitin to the surface of P/C fibers, Pretreatment inward NaOH solution was performed. The information obtained shows that it is possible to dye P/C fabrics finished yesteryear chitin amongst entirely i disperse/reactive dyestuff. The dyed sample showed practiced rubbing together with washing color fastness properties within the make of color change. The color strength of dyed samples increased amongst the increased deposition of chitin on the fabric. Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 query also goes on dyeing of P/C blend cloth which is suitable for i bathroom or 2 bathroom methods. Two bathroom methods are suitable. Two bathroom dyeing method are actually long together with complicated. One bathroom 2 stair physical care for is shorter equally compared to 2 bathroom method but drawbacks are lower dye mightiness together with miserable reproducibility. Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 clan of query examines the physical care for of dyeing polyester/cotton cloth amongst a highly effective fiber reactive together with a disperse dyestuffs. Enamely (E)-4 hydroxy-5-((4-((2-sulphonyl)amino)-1,3,5-triazine-2-yl)amino)-3-((2-sulphonyl)diazenyl)nepthalene-2,7-disulphonic acid together with (E)-5-((4-nitrophenyl)diazenyl)pyridine-2(1H)-1. Dyed textiles in that location were characterized yesteryear practiced dry out rubbing together with washing fastness but medium wet-rubbing fastness properties.

2.2 CVC KNIT FABRIC

CVC fabric is a final result of polyester together with cotton fiber blending inward the for sure proportion. Interwoven CVC fabrics are characterized yesteryear enlarged percent of cotton fiber yarn that provides ameliorate hygienic properties inward comparing amongst TC fabrics together with ameliorate strength characteristics inward comparing amongst 100% cotton fiber fabrics. Also they guarantee depression shrinkage, high color-fastness together with perfect durability. Most types of CVC fabrics receive got the same constructions equally T/C fabrics together with differ from them yesteryear enlarged percent of cotton fiber only. CVC fabrics are perfect for producing medical together with chef clothes, shirts. All CVC fabrics are suitable for locomote wear, uniforms together with corporate clothe for all sort of industries. CVC fabrics receive got a practiced hygienic properties, they are really comfortable to vesture together with durable due to combination of polyester together with cotton fibers. Knit fabrics are fabrics made from interlocking loops of thread, which is inward contrast to the lengthwise together with crosswise weaving of threads flora inward woven fabrics. The final result is a cloth that has varying degrees of stretch-ability, from slight to extreme elasticity. Knit fabrics are pop due to their mightiness to curtain good on whatsoever torso type, their comfort together with their versatility. Along amongst degrees of stretch, knit fabrics tin live made of unlike fibers together with come upwards inward a diversity of weights. Knit fabrics are unlike from woven fabrics inward that the strands of yarn are looped together equally opposed to beingness straight. Knitted fabrics receive got been made for hundreds of years. The traditional method involves taking wool yarn together with looping it roughly 2 needles. In modern times this same cloth tin live produced much quicker yesteryear machines that tin also knit many unlike types of material, such equally cotton, silk together with polyester.

Fig: CVC cloth

2.3 DISPERSE DYE
Disperse dyes are non-ionic. They dye all the synthetic together with cellulose acetate fibers yesteryear using a direct dyeing technique. Only dyeing temperature varies from i fiber to another. Thus they are i of the major classes of dyestuff. The evolution of disperse dyes for dyeing secondary cellulose acetate fibers inward the early on 1920’s was a major technological breakthrough. Their major role today is for the coloration of polyesters, the most of import grouping of synthetic fibers. Disperse dyes are relatively insoluble inward H2O at room temperature & receive got entirely express solubility at high temperatures. They possess substantively for hydrophobic fibers such equally nylon together with polyester, inward which they are quite soluble. These dyes are nowadays inward the dye bathroom equally a fine aqueous suspension inward the presence of a dispersing agent. The H2O dissolves a little amount of the dye inward monomolecular form. The hydrophobic fibers together with then absorb the dye from the solution because these dyes are non ionic organic compounds of relatively depression molecular weight. Many sublime on heating together with dyeing yesteryear absorption of dye vapor is also possible. Disperse dyes receive got slight H2O solubility because of the presence of polar substituent’s inward their molecular structures.

Fig: Dispersed dye

2.4 REACTIVE DYE
Reactive dyes are the youngest together with most of import dye shape for cellulosic material. Worldwide consumption of reactive dyes for cellulosic materials inward mid 1980’s was nigh 10 to 12 %, whereas inward Nihon solitary it represents nigh 40% of total dye consumption. The reactive dyes offering a broad make of dyes amongst varying shades, fastness together with costs amongst high brilliancy, slow applicability together with reproducibility. However, practiced training of the stuff is a prerequisite. The color yield together with brilliancy of shades are enhanced significantly yesteryear mercerization. The dyes are unstable to hypochlorite. Hence, bleaching amongst hypochlorites may do work during subsequent dyeing amongst reactive dyes. Reactive dyes comprise a chromospheres together with a reactive group. They differ fundamentally from other dye classes inward the fact they chemically react amongst the textile fiber forming covalent bonds. The conventional dyes on the other hand, owe their weight fastness because of physical association, non specific chemic bonding (e.g. Hydrogen bond) or insolubilisation within the fiber. There is no clear edge business betwixt physical together with chemic interactions betwixt molecules. Vander wale’s forces together with hydrophobic bonding usually considered physical processes, whereas hydrogen bonding together with columbic attraction of ions tin live considered equally physical or chemic phenomena. On the other hand, the formation of co-valent bond is definitely a chemic process.

Fig: Reactive dye.

2.5 BASIC MECHANISM OF CVC FABRIC DYEING

2.5.1 MECHANISM OF DYEING BY DISPERSED DYE

The dyeing of hydrophobic fibers similar polyester fibers amongst disperse dyes may live considered equally a physical care for of dye transfer from liquid solvent (water) to a enterprise organic solvent (fiber). Disperse dyes are added to H2O amongst a surface active agent to shape an aqueous dispersion. The insolubility of disperse dyes enables them to locomote out the dye liquor equally they are to a greater extent than substantive to the organic fiber than to the inorganic dye liquor. The application of oestrus to the dye liquor increases the issue energy of dye molecules together with accelerates the dyeing of textile fibers. Heating of dye liquor swells the fiber to some extent together with assists the dye to penetrate the fiber polymer system. Thus the dye molecule takes its house inward the amorphous regions of the fiber. Once taking house within the fiber polymer system, the dye molecules are held yesteryear hydrogen bonds together with Vander Waals’ force.

2.5.2 MECHANISM OF DYEING BY REACTIVE DYE

The cellulose anion is a nucleophile which tin receive got business office inward the commutation together with improver reactions. Nitrogen containing heterocyclic rings of dye molecule bearing halogen- substituent’s (-Cl,-F etc.) undergo neucleophilic substitution. Heteroatom’s (Nitrogen etc.) inward aryl band activate the arrangement for neucleophilic onslaught because of their electro negativity or Carbon-Carbon double bond is polarized yesteryear the powerfully electron attacking sulphone group. This polarization confers a positive grapheme on the terminal carbon atom, favoring neucleophilic improver of cellulose ion.

Fig: Neucleophilic commutation reaction.

CHAPTER THREE
MATERIALS AND METHODS

3.1 RAW MATERIAL AND EQUIPMENTS USED

3.1.1 RAW MATERIALS
Fabric Specification:

• Types of Fabric : Knit(plain)
• GSM : 153
• CPCm, WPCm, Weave blueprint

3.1.2 CHEMICAL EQUIPMENTS

Table 3.1 Chemical specification

Chemical	Commercial Name	Company/Supplier/Country
Wetting agent	T.R oil	Bangladesh
Sequestering Agent	EDTA	Bangladesh
Sodium Hydroxide	Caustic Soda	Bangladesh
Hydrogen Peroxide	Bleaching agent	Bangladesh
Stabilizer	Potassium stearate	Bangladesh
Reactive Dye		Bangladesh
Salt	Sodium Chloride	Bangladesh
Soda	Sodium Carbonate	Bangladesh
Disperse Dye		Bangladesh
Dispersing Agent		Bangladesh
Carrier		Bangladesh

 

3.1.3 MACHINE EQUIPMENTS

Table 3.2 Machine Specification

Machine Name	Model	Manufacturing name	Origin
PRECISA Balance	BJ1000C	Precisa Grabimetrics AG	Switzerland
Oven dryer	HX-30	Parsons	England
Sample dyeing machine	Good brand	Jeffreys Rochdale	England
Compactor Dryer Machine		Copower technology	Taiwan
Wash Fastness Tester( Rota Wash)	SDLM228B	SDL. Textile Machine Manufacturing Co.	England
Color matching cabinet	CAC-60	Verivide	England
Spectrophotometer	650	Data Color	USA
Rubbing Fastness Tester	SALO BS	MESDAN	ITALY

 

3.2 OPERATION SEQUENCE

3.2.1 PRETREATMENT
For this project, the required amount of knit cloth is collected from store. Total cloth are scoured together with bleached at the same bathroom inward sample winch dyeing machine. The combine recipe for scouring together with bleaching are following:

Recipe:

• NaOH : v gm/L
• Hydrogen Peroxide : v gm/L
• Stabilizer : 2 gm/L
• Wetting Agent : 1 gm/L
• Sequestering Agent : 1.5 gm/L
• Temperature : 100
• Time : xxx min
• M: L : 1:10

The bathroom is laid at room temperature. In the bathroom 2000ml (for 200gm fabric) H2O is taken. Then wetting agent, sequestering agent, caustic soda, Hydrogen peroxide, stablizer are added. Then the sample cloth is loaded together with the physical care for is run for xxx minute. After raising the temperature to 100°c, Then the sample cloth is unloaded together with washed amongst 1g/L acetic acid solution for 1-2 minute.Then sample cloth is washed yesteryear normal mutual coldness water. Finally the sample is dried.

Fig: Graphical representation of pretreatment

3.2.2 DYEING

Recipe (Polyester Fabric):

• Disperse dye :4%
• Dispersing agent :2gm/L
• Carrier :3gm/L
• Sequestering agent :1gm/L
• Wetting agent :1gm/L
• Time :40 infinitesimal
• Temp :100°c
• pH :4-5
• M:L :1:10

Recipe (Reduction Cleaning):

• Hydrose :4gm/L
• NaOH :4gm/L
• Sequestering agent :1gm/L
• Wetting agent :1gm/L
• Time :30 infinitesimal
• Temp :90°c
• M:L :1:10

Recipe (Cotton Fabric):

• Reactive Dye :4%
• Salt :4gm/L
• Soda :16gm/L
• Sequestering agent :1gm/L
• Wetting agent :1gm/L
• Time :40 infinitesimal
• Temp :60°c
• pH :10-11
• M:L :1:10

The dyeing physical care for is done on sample dyeing machine (Rota dyer). At commencement inward a beaker stock solution is prepared for every chemic together with disperses dye inward according to the recipe. Then total liquor is prepared equally per recipe. After that liquor is taken inward the subway scheme of Rota dyer machine. Then pretreatment together with without-pretreatment fabrics are loaded together with the subway scheme assault Rota dyer machine. Then the physical care for is run for xl infinitesimal afterwards raising the temperature 100°C. Finally the fabrics are unloaded together with washed amongst mutual coldness water, together with then hot H2O together with mutual coldness water. After that inward beaker, stock solution is prepared yesteryear every chemic for reduction cleaning. Then total liquor is prepared equally per recipe. After that liquor is taken inward the subway scheme of Rota dyer machine. Then the fabrics are dyed yesteryear disperse dye are loaded together with the subway scheme are assault Rota dyer machine. Then the physical care for is run for xxx infinitesimal afterwards raising the temperature 90°C. Finally the fabrics are unloaded together with washed amongst mutual coldness water. At final inward beaker stock solution is prepared for every chemic together with reactive dye inward according to the recipe. Then total liquor is prepared equally per recipe. After that liquor is taken inward the subway scheme of Rota dyer machine. The fabrics are loaded together with the subway scheme is assault Rota dyer machine. Then the physical care for is run for xl infinitesimal afterwards raising the temperature 60°C. Finally the fabrics are unloaded together with washed amongst mutual coldness water, together with then hot H2O together with mutual coldness water. After that the pretreatment together with without-pretreatment fabrics are dried.

Fig: Graphical representation of dyeing

3.3 TEST METHOD

3.3.1 STRENGTH TEST (BALL BURSTION)

This attempt is done yesteryear coated fabric. Not for ordinary knitted fabrics. In the attempt a 25 mm diameter steel ball is passed through the stretched cloth tin the strength is required do so the recorded. This attempt cannot live carried using an attachment on a touchstone tensile tester. The final result from this attempt is non straight comparable amongst the final result of diaphragm bursting test. This attempt measures strength entirely non the strength per unit of measurement area.

Fig: Ball Bursting

3.3.2 FASTNESS MEASUREMENT

3.3.2.1 RUBBING FASTNESS OF DYEING

A specimen of size xiv cm × v cm is cut. The attempt specimen is locked onto the base of operations of crock meter. Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 white cotton fiber cloth of size v cm × v cm is laid to the finger of the crock meter using the spinal clip. The covered finger is lowered on the attempt sample. Hand crank is turned 10 times at the charge per unit of measurement of 1 turn/sec. The white rubbing attempt cloth is removed together with evaluated amongst the greyish scale.

Fig: Rubbing fastness tester

3.3.2.2 WASH FASTNESS OF DYEING SAMPLE

In accordance to ISO105C03 a specimen of size 10×4 cm is cut. Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 multi-fiber of same size is also cut. The attempt specimen together with multi-fiber are aligned together with sewn together to shape a composite specimen.

After treating the samples are rinsed inward mutual coldness distilled H2O twice together with and then for 10 minutes inward mutual coldness running tap water. Then the samples are squeezed together with the stitching is removed from 3 sides leaving i curt side four cm sewed. Then it is dried at maximum 60⁰C temperature. Now the alter inward color of uncovered part is assessed amongst staining together with color alter greyish scale.

Fig: Rota launder machine

3.3.2.3 COLOR FASTNESS TO PERSPIRATION

In accordance to ISO 105 EO2 a specimen of size 10×4 cm is cut. Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 multi-fiber of same size is also cut. The attempt specimen together with multi-fiber are aligned together with sewn together to shape a composite specimen.

The composite attempt sample was wetted out inward solution at room temperature. The stuff ratio was 1:50 together with left for xxx minutes excess solution was poured of together with placed betwixt 2 drinking glass plates nether a pressure level of 4.5 kg together with placed inward an oven for four lx minutes at 37±2º C temperature. The specimen was removed together with dried inward warm air non exceeding 600C. Then evaluation was done yesteryear greyish scale.

Fig: Perspire-meter of perspiration fastness test

3.3.3 CALCULATING VALUE OF CMC
CMC: Color matching of computer.CMC value indicates shade matching. ∆L*(Darker Lighter): ∆L* indicates darkness or lightness of the shade. If ∆L* value is positive (+) together with then the shade is lighter. If ∆L* value is negative together with then the shade is darker.

∆a*: ∆a* value indicates radish of the shade. If the ∆a* value is positive (+) together with then the shade is to a greater extent than red. If the ∆a* value is negative together with then the shade is less red. ∆b*: ∆b* value indicates yellowness of the shade. If ∆b* value is positive (+) together with then the shade is to a greater extent than yellow. If the ∆b* value is negative together with then the shade is less yellow.

Fig: Spectrophotometer

3.3.4 EQUATION FOR CALCULATING K/S VALUE

The basic information required for the color tally prediction is the human relationship betwixt reflectance of the dyed stuff together with concentration of the dyestuffs. For textile dyed materials the low-cal scattered yesteryear a unmarried particle is re-scattered yesteryear many other particles earlier emerging from turbid media. This is called multiple or subject scattering, which is really complex to explain. The medium is characterized yesteryear optical parameters k together with s which are commonly known equally K-M absorption together with scattering co-efficient respectively. Memory is synchronized amongst the seat of the beam on the specimen inward the microscope, together with the resulting icon is thence a distribution map of the intensity of the signal beingness emitted from the scanned surface area of the specimen. In older microscopes icon may live captured yesteryear photography from a high-resolution cathode ray tube, but inward modern machines icon is saved to calculator information storage.

CHAPTER FOUR
RESULTS & DISCUSSION

4.1 EVALUATION OF STRENGTH TEST

Table 4.1 Strength test

Sample		Sample condition		Strength (N)
Shade	Color
Original				481.80
1%	Blue	Without pretreated		420.70
1%	Blue	pretreated		410.90
1%	Yellow	Without pretreated		450.30
1%	Yellow	pretreated		374.60
1%	Combined	Without pretreated		485.90
1%	Combined	pretreated		364.10
2%	Yellow	Without pretreated		425.70
2%	Yellow	pretreated		370.40
2%	Blue	Without pretreated		395.70
2%	Blue	pretreated		314.20
2%	Combined	Without pretreated		484.40
2%	Combined	pretreated		354.80
3%	Blue	Without pretreated		431.40
3%	Blue	pretreated		395.90
3%	Yellow	Without pretreated		459.80
3%	Yellow	pretreated		277.96
4%	Blue	Without pretreated		450.70
4%	Blue	pretreated		328.70
4%	Yellow	Without pretreated		449.80
4%	Yellow		pretreated	284.89

 

From the higher upwards graphical representation it shows that the strength of without pretreated cloth is greater than the treated one. The argue behind this may live inward the without pretreated cloth less oxy-cellulose generated than the pretreated one. As a final result strength loses occurred to a greater extent than for the pretreated sample than without pretreated one.

4.2 EVALUATION OF COLOR FASTNESS TO RUBBING

Table 4.2 Evaluation of color fastness to Rubbing

Fabric condition	Dry	Wet
Without pretreated	5	4/5
Pretreated	5	4/5

From the higher upwards table, it is seen that color fastness to rubbing are almost same for pretreated & without pretreated sample.

4.3 EVALUATION OF COLOR FASTNESS TO WASH

Table 4.3 Evaluation of color fastness to launder

Fabric condition	Color change	Color staining
		wool	acetate	cotton	nylon	polyester	acrylic
without pretreated	4.5	4.5	3	3.4	3.4	4.5	4.5
pretreated	4.5	4.5	3	3.4	3.4	4.5	4.5

 

From the higher upwards tabular array it is clear that color fastness to launder are almost same for pretreated & without pretreated sample.

4.4 EVALUATION OF COLOR FASTNESS TO PERSPIRATION

Table 4.4 Evaluation of color fastness to perspiration

Fabric condition	Color change	Color staining
		wool	acetate	cotton	nylon	polyester	acrylic
without pretreated	4.5	4.5	4.5	3.4	4	4.5	4.5
pretreated	4.5	4.5	4.5	3.4	4	4.5	4.5

 

From the higher upwards tabular array it is clear that color fastness to perspiration are almost same for pretreated & without pretreated sample.

4.5 VALUE OF LCH

Table 4.5 Value of LCH

Sample		Sample condition		L	C	H
Shade	Color
1%	Blue	Pretreated		52.270	26.947	266.683
1%	Blue	Without pretreated		49.062	27.520	266.415
1%	Yellow	Pretreated		86.754	22.707	88.264
1%	Yellow	Without pretreated		85.060	26.932	86.809
1%	Combined	Pretreated		50.279	18.799	268.216
1%	Combined	Without pretreated		48.820	20.447	264.583
2%	Yellow	Pretreated		88.256	34.698	94.686
2%	Yellow	Without pretreated		84.983	40.196	92.694
2%	Blue	Pretreated		44.197	30.154	268.143
2%	Blue	Without pretreated		40.901	30.059	269.047
2%	Combined	Pretreated		50.286	18.293	244.988
2%	Combined	Without pretreated		49.353	17.152	240.008
3%	Blue	Pretreated		41.737	29.636	268.742
3%	Blue	Without pretreated		40.876	28.799	268.307
3%	Yellow	Pretreated		85.121	30.786	92.160
3%	Yellow	Without pretreated		83.419	32.029	84.553
4%	Blue	Pretreated		38.136	29.216	270.157
4%	Blue	Without pretreated		35.900	29.680	272.559
4%	Yellow	Pretreated		83.909	33.631	88.680
4%	Yellow		Without pretreated	84.011	37.419	89.222

 

From the higher upwards tabular array it is seen that value of L is lower for the without pretreated sample than the pretreated sample, it indicates the without pretreated sample may comprise to a greater extent than color than the pretreated sample .Here for 4% Blue sample, value of L for pretreated sample is 38.136 & for without pretreated sample is 35.900.It is because the without pretreated i may comprise to a greater extent than color than the pretreated sample.

4.6 VALUE OF Δa, Δb & CMC

Table 4.6 Value of Δa, Δb & CMC

Sample		Sample condition		Δa	Δb	CMC
Shade	Color
1%	Blue	Pretreated		-0.16	-0.57	1.48
1%	Blue	Without pretreated
1%	Yellow	Pretreated		0.81	4.20	2.56
1%	Yellow	Without pretreated
1%	Combined	Pretreated		-1.34	-1.57	1.77
1%	Combined	Without pretreated
2%	Yellow	Pretreated		0.92	5.62	2.98
2%	Yellow	Without pretreated
2%	Blue	Pretreated		0.48	0.07	1.68
2%	Blue	Without pretreated
2%	Combined	Pretreated		-0.83	1.73	1.65
2%	Combined	Without pretreated
3%	Blue	Pretreated		-0.20	0.84	0.63
3%	Blue	Without pretreated
3%	Yellow	Pretreated		4.20	1.12	3.50
3%	Yellow	Without pretreated
4%	Blue	Pretreated		1.26	-0.43	1.61
4%	Blue	Without pretreated
4%	Yellow	Pretreated		-0.26
4%	Yellow		Without pretreated		3.80	1.80

 

If the CMC value is less than one, the final result is really good. And the higher upwards i the final result is also really good. From the higher upwards representation the results are closer to one. So the untreated cloth color is ameliorate than the treated fabric.

4.7 VALUE OF K/S

 

From the higher upwards graphical representation, it is clear that the without pretreated sample value of K/S is higher than the pretreated sample. Its argue may live the color deepness of the without pretreated sample is to a greater extent than than the treated sample. The without pretreated i may comprise to a greater extent than color.

CHAPTER FIVE

 CONCLUSION

5.1 CONCLUSION
It has been flora that it is to a greater extent than terms effective means to dye cloth without pretreatment. The strength loss of cloth occurred less for without pretreated cloth than the pretreated one. For 2% Blue Pretreated cloth the strength becomes 314.20N, where for without pretreated sample the strength becomes 395.70N. It is clearly shows that less strength loss of dyed sample when it is non pretreated, which may live because of less formation of oxycellulose. It is i of the most of import findings of this thesis. Another of import component of this thesis is the higher K/S value of the without pretreated cloth than pretreated sample. For 1% yellowish sample K/S value of without pretreated sample is 0.53 & for pretreated sample it is 0.38. It clearly indicates that the without pretreated dyed sample may comprise to a greater extent than color than the pretreated dyed sample (for same shade %). As a final result waste materials of dye tin live minimized yesteryear approaching this technique .Though the color fastness(to launder /rubbing/perspiration) are same for both sort of sample, it tin live practiced largely inward the industries for reducing terms of dyeing equally good equally fourth dimension together with energy.

5.2 LIMITATIONS
For this thesis entirely CVC knit cloth is used, thus final result for other types of cloth notwithstanding uninvestigated. The fourth dimension is besides curt to role unlike types of fabric. Again inward some cases final result is unexpected due to mightiness interruption, lack of soft water, inability of equipments.

5.3 FUTURE WORK
In this thesis entirely CVC cloth is used. It tin live to a greater extent than informative if other types of cloth such equally nylon, polyester, wool, together with acrylic would live used. It tin live applied on woven cloth also. The fastness properties of untreated cloth may live improved yesteryear using proper amount of dye. The final result would live ameliorate if in that location is no mightiness interruption, no lack of soft water, unavailability of equipment etc.

REFERENCES

1. Corben BP, Potter MD, Textiles, Fiber to Fabric, Gray Division/MC, 1985.
2. A. D. Broadbent, Basic Principle of Textile Coloration. 2001, England: Society of Dyers together with Colourists.
3. M. F. Hossain, Practice of Textile Coloration. Vol. 1. 2007, Dhaka: Book Fair Publications.
4. J. E. Both, Principle of Textile Teasting 1968, England: Butterworths.
5. P. S. Chinta together with S. Dhar, Problems inward Dyeing together with Their Remedies, Research Gate, 2007.
6. E. FEILMANN, Some Unsolved Dyeing Problems, Journal

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