Yaa Unlike Types Of Dyes Amongst Chemic Structure
Wednesday 19 December 2018
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Different Types of Dyes amongst Chemical Structure
Golam Mawla
Daffodil International University
Department of Textile Engineering
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/golammawlabd
Email: mawla3140@diu.edu.bd
Introduction:
A dye is a coloured compound,normally used inwards solution,which is capable of beingness fixed to a fabric. The dye must live ‘fast’or chemically stable therefore that the color volition non launder amongst lather in addition to water,fade on exposure to sunlight etc. Dyeing is usually done inwards a special solution containing dyes in addition to detail chemic material. After dyeing, dye molecules receive got uncut Chemical bond amongst fiber molecules. The temperature in addition to fourth dimension controlling are 2 primal factors inwards dyeing.
Dye:
“It is define every bit the chemical compound whice containing chromophore in addition to auxochrome groups called dye.Chomophore grouping is responsible for dye color due to their nsaturation. Auxochrome grouping is responsible for dye fibre reaction.”
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| Different types of dyes |
Natural dyes are only dye substances extracted from natural sources. Although the primary source of dyes for early on times, they receive got largely been replaced past times synthetic dyes, which are usually to a greater extent than reliable, cheaper in addition to tin live supplied to a greater extent than readily. Natural dyes withal inwards purpose include haematoxylin, carmine, orcein.
Colouring materials receive got been used for many thousands of years past times man. Leather, cloth, food, pottery in addition to housing receive got all been modified inwards this way. Some of our near mutual dyes are withal derived from natural sources. These are termed natural dyes. The Colour Index uses this every bit a classification in addition to naming system.
Each dye is named according to the pattern:
Synthetic dye:
Dyes derived from organic or inorganic chemical compound are known every bit synthetic dyes. Examples of this shape of dyes are Direct, Acid, Basic, Reactive, Mordant, Metal complex, Vat, Sulphure , Disperse dye etc. Synthetic dyes rapidly replaced the traditional natural dyes.
They toll less, they offered a vast attain of novel colors, in addition to they imparted meliorate properties to the dyed materials dyes are instantly classified according to how they are used inwards the dyeing process.
Many types of dyes:
Acid dye:
Acid dyes are water-soluble anionic dyes, containing 1 or to a greater extent than sulfonic acid substituents or other acidic groups. An instance of the shape is Acid Yellow 36.
Acid dyes are water-soluble anionic dyes that are applied to fibers such every bit silk, wool, nylon in addition to modified acrylic fibers using neutral to acid dye baths. Acid dyes are non noun to cellulosic fibers. Most synthetic nutrient colors autumn inwards this category. The dyeing procedure is reversible in addition to may live described every bit follows:
Basic or Cationic Dye:
This grouping was the commencement of the synthetic dyes to live taken out of coal-tar derivatives. As textile dyes, they receive got been largely replaced past times after developments.They are withal used inwards discharge printing, in addition to for preparing leather, paper, wood, in addition to straw. More late they receive got been successfully used amongst roughly readymade fibers, peculiarly the acrylics. Basic dyes were originally used to color wool, silk, linen, hemp, etc., without the purpose of a mordant, or using agent. With a mordant similar tannic acid they were used on cotton fiber in addition to rayon. Basic dyes laissez passer on brilliant colors amongst exceptional fastness to acrylic fibers. They tin live used on basic dyeable variants of nylon in addition to polyester.
Basic Brown 1 is an instance of a cationic dye that is readily protonated nether the pH 2 to five atmospheric condition of dyeing.
Direct Dye:
These are the dyes which tin live applied straight to the fabrics from an aqueous solution. These are near useful for fabrics which tin shape hydrogen bonds amongst the Dyeing of Fabrics. The direct dyes mainly the basic dyes in addition to were widely hailed because they made it unnecessary to purpose a mordant or binder inwards dyeing cotton. The colors are non every bit brilliant every bit those inwards the basic dyes but they receive got meliorate fastness to calorie-free in addition to washing, in addition to such fastness tin live measurably improved past times after treatments (diazotized in addition to developed.) Direct dyes tin live used on cotton, linen, rayon, wool, silk in addition to nylon. These dyes usually receive got azo linkage –N=N- in addition to high molecular weight. They are H2O soluble because of sulfonic acid groups.
Direct orangish 26 is a typical direct dye.
Azoic Dye:
Azo dyes comprise at to the lowest degree 1 azo grouping (-N=N-) attached to 1 or oftentimes 2 aromatic rings. These dyes are used primarily for brilliant carmine shades inwards dyeing in addition to printing since near other classes of fast dyes are lacking inwards skilful carmine dyes. Azoic dyes, called Naphthols inwards the industry, are genuinely manufactured inwards the cloth past times applying 1 one-half of the dye. The other one-half is therefore position on in addition to they combine to shape the finished color. Unless they are carefully applied in addition to good washed, they receive got pathetic fastness to rubbing or crocking.
The production of bluish carmine azoic dye from the next 2 components is an example.
Nitro Dye:
Nitro dyes are polynitro derivatives of phenols containing at to the lowest degree 1 nitro grouping ortho or para to the hydroxyl group.It is used to dye wool.It Consist of 2 or to a greater extent than aromatic rings (benzene, naphthalene).
Example:
Disperse Dye:
Disperse dyes were originally developed for dyeing secondary cellulose acetate fibers. These dyes are relatively insoluble inwards H2O in addition to are prepared for dyeing past times beingness set down into relatively fine pulverization inwards the presence of dispersing agents. In the dye bath, a suspension of the dye particle dispersion produces a real dilute solution of the dyes, which are therefore absorbed past times the fibers. This dye shape is used to dye polyester, nylon, acetate in addition to triacetate fibers.
Disperse yellowish 3, Disperse Red 4, in addition to Disperse Blue 27 are skilful examples of disperse dyes.
Example:
Vat Dye:
The vat dyes are insoluble complex polycyclic molecules based on the quinone construction (ketoforms). The term vat comes from the quondam indigo method dyeing inwards a vat: indigo had to live reduced to calorie-free form. Vat dyes are made from indigo, anthraquinone in addition to carbazole. They are successfully used on cotton, linen, rayon, wool, silk, in addition to sometimes nylon. Vat dyes are likewise used inwards the continuous slice of dyeing procedure sometimes called the paint application process. The dyeings produced inwards this way receive got high launder in addition to calorie-free fastness.
An instance of a vat dye is Vat Blue four (Indanthrene).
Mordant Dye:
These Dyeing of Fabrics make non dye the cloth straight but request a binding agent known every bit mordant. The mordant acts every bit a binding agent betwixt the fibre in addition to the dye. Some dyes combine amongst metallic element salts (mordanting) to shape insoluble colored complexes (lakes). These materials are usually used for the dyeing of cotton, wool or other poly peptide fiber. The metallic element precipitate is formed inwards the fiber producing real fast colors highly resistant to both calorie-free in addition to washing.
Example:
Reactive Dye:
These dyes react amongst the cellulosic fiber to shape a covalent bond. This produces dyed fiber amongst extremely high launder fastness properties. These are the dyeing of fabrics which comprise a reactive grouping which combines straight amongst the hydroxyl or the amino grouping of the fibre. Because of the chemic reaction the color is fast in addition to has a real long life. Cotton, wool or silk tin live dyed amongst this type of dyeing of Fabrics.
Example: This type is the Reactive Blue five dye shown below,
Solvent Dye:
These dyes are water-insoluble but soluble inwards alcohols, chlorinated hydrocarbons, or liquid ammonia. These colours are applied past times dissolving inwards the target, which is invariably a lipid or non-polar solvent. The Colour Index uses this every bit a classification in addition to naming system. Each dye is named according to the pattern: – solvent + base of operations color + reveal They are used for coloring synthetics, plastics, gasoline, oils in addition to waxes.
Example:
Sulfur Dye:
The sulphur dyes furnish real deep shades, which receive got first-class resistance to washing but pathetic resistance to sunlight. They volition dye cotton, linen, in addition to rayon, but non brightly. Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 work amongst sulphur dyes peculiarly the dark colors is that they brand the cloth tender, or weaken its structure, therefore that it breaks easily. Sulfur dyes are applied to cotton fiber from an alkaline metal reducing toilet amongst sodium sulfide every bit the reducing agent. They are depression toll in addition to receive got skilful fastness to light, washings in addition to acids.
Example:
Properties of dyes:
Conclusion:
At final said that dye is real of import for Textile sector.Because the cloth are to brand attractive to us past times dyeing.Dyes that are used past times the Textile manufacture are instantly mostly synthetic.These dyes are marketed ability sgranules in addition to liquid dispersion.Now the industrial Textile dyes must ascent upwards to encounter all these novel in addition to specific technical reguirements.
References:
Natural + base of operations color + reveal
Natural dyes are oftentimes negatively charged. Positively charged natural dyes make exist, but are non common. In other words, the coloured business office of the molecule is usually the anion. Although the molecular accuse is oftentimes shown on a specific atom inwards structural formulae, it is the whole molecule that is charged. Many, but past times no agency all, natural dyes request the purpose of a mordant.
Synthetic dye:
Dyes derived from organic or inorganic chemical compound are known every bit synthetic dyes. Examples of this shape of dyes are Direct, Acid, Basic, Reactive, Mordant, Metal complex, Vat, Sulphure , Disperse dye etc. Synthetic dyes rapidly replaced the traditional natural dyes.
Many types of dyes:
Acid dye:
Acid dyes are water-soluble anionic dyes, containing 1 or to a greater extent than sulfonic acid substituents or other acidic groups. An instance of the shape is Acid Yellow 36.
 |
| Acid yello36 |
This grouping was the commencement of the synthetic dyes to live taken out of coal-tar derivatives. As textile dyes, they receive got been largely replaced past times after developments.They are withal used inwards discharge printing, in addition to for preparing leather, paper, wood, in addition to straw. More late they receive got been successfully used amongst roughly readymade fibers, peculiarly the acrylics. Basic dyes were originally used to color wool, silk, linen, hemp, etc., without the purpose of a mordant, or using agent. With a mordant similar tannic acid they were used on cotton fiber in addition to rayon. Basic dyes laissez passer on brilliant colors amongst exceptional fastness to acrylic fibers. They tin live used on basic dyeable variants of nylon in addition to polyester.
Basic Brown 1 is an instance of a cationic dye that is readily protonated nether the pH 2 to five atmospheric condition of dyeing.
 |
| Basic Brown 1 |
These are the dyes which tin live applied straight to the fabrics from an aqueous solution. These are near useful for fabrics which tin shape hydrogen bonds amongst the Dyeing of Fabrics. The direct dyes mainly the basic dyes in addition to were widely hailed because they made it unnecessary to purpose a mordant or binder inwards dyeing cotton. The colors are non every bit brilliant every bit those inwards the basic dyes but they receive got meliorate fastness to calorie-free in addition to washing, in addition to such fastness tin live measurably improved past times after treatments (diazotized in addition to developed.) Direct dyes tin live used on cotton, linen, rayon, wool, silk in addition to nylon. These dyes usually receive got azo linkage –N=N- in addition to high molecular weight. They are H2O soluble because of sulfonic acid groups.
Direct orangish 26 is a typical direct dye.
 |
| Direct orangish 26 |
Azo dyes comprise at to the lowest degree 1 azo grouping (-N=N-) attached to 1 or oftentimes 2 aromatic rings. These dyes are used primarily for brilliant carmine shades inwards dyeing in addition to printing since near other classes of fast dyes are lacking inwards skilful carmine dyes. Azoic dyes, called Naphthols inwards the industry, are genuinely manufactured inwards the cloth past times applying 1 one-half of the dye. The other one-half is therefore position on in addition to they combine to shape the finished color. Unless they are carefully applied in addition to good washed, they receive got pathetic fastness to rubbing or crocking.
The production of bluish carmine azoic dye from the next 2 components is an example.
Nitro dyes are polynitro derivatives of phenols containing at to the lowest degree 1 nitro grouping ortho or para to the hydroxyl group.It is used to dye wool.It Consist of 2 or to a greater extent than aromatic rings (benzene, naphthalene).
Example:
 |
| Maritus yellowish |
Disperse dyes were originally developed for dyeing secondary cellulose acetate fibers. These dyes are relatively insoluble inwards H2O in addition to are prepared for dyeing past times beingness set down into relatively fine pulverization inwards the presence of dispersing agents. In the dye bath, a suspension of the dye particle dispersion produces a real dilute solution of the dyes, which are therefore absorbed past times the fibers. This dye shape is used to dye polyester, nylon, acetate in addition to triacetate fibers.
Disperse yellowish 3, Disperse Red 4, in addition to Disperse Blue 27 are skilful examples of disperse dyes.
Example:
The vat dyes are insoluble complex polycyclic molecules based on the quinone construction (ketoforms). The term vat comes from the quondam indigo method dyeing inwards a vat: indigo had to live reduced to calorie-free form. Vat dyes are made from indigo, anthraquinone in addition to carbazole. They are successfully used on cotton, linen, rayon, wool, silk, in addition to sometimes nylon. Vat dyes are likewise used inwards the continuous slice of dyeing procedure sometimes called the paint application process. The dyeings produced inwards this way receive got high launder in addition to calorie-free fastness.
An instance of a vat dye is Vat Blue four (Indanthrene).
 |
| Vat Blue 4 |
Mordant Dye:
These Dyeing of Fabrics make non dye the cloth straight but request a binding agent known every bit mordant. The mordant acts every bit a binding agent betwixt the fibre in addition to the dye. Some dyes combine amongst metallic element salts (mordanting) to shape insoluble colored complexes (lakes). These materials are usually used for the dyeing of cotton, wool or other poly peptide fiber. The metallic element precipitate is formed inwards the fiber producing real fast colors highly resistant to both calorie-free in addition to washing.
Example:
These dyes react amongst the cellulosic fiber to shape a covalent bond. This produces dyed fiber amongst extremely high launder fastness properties. These are the dyeing of fabrics which comprise a reactive grouping which combines straight amongst the hydroxyl or the amino grouping of the fibre. Because of the chemic reaction the color is fast in addition to has a real long life. Cotton, wool or silk tin live dyed amongst this type of dyeing of Fabrics.
Example: This type is the Reactive Blue five dye shown below,
 |
| Reactive Blue 5 |
These dyes are water-insoluble but soluble inwards alcohols, chlorinated hydrocarbons, or liquid ammonia. These colours are applied past times dissolving inwards the target, which is invariably a lipid or non-polar solvent. The Colour Index uses this every bit a classification in addition to naming system. Each dye is named according to the pattern: – solvent + base of operations color + reveal They are used for coloring synthetics, plastics, gasoline, oils in addition to waxes.
Example:
 |
| Solvent yellow32 |
The sulphur dyes furnish real deep shades, which receive got first-class resistance to washing but pathetic resistance to sunlight. They volition dye cotton, linen, in addition to rayon, but non brightly. Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 work amongst sulphur dyes peculiarly the dark colors is that they brand the cloth tender, or weaken its structure, therefore that it breaks easily. Sulfur dyes are applied to cotton fiber from an alkaline metal reducing toilet amongst sodium sulfide every bit the reducing agent. They are depression toll in addition to receive got skilful fastness to light, washings in addition to acids.
Example:
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| Sulfur carmine vii |
- These dyes are economical dyes in addition to are to a greater extent than oftentimes than non used to make nighttime shades such every bit nighttime greens , nighttime blues in addition to blacks.
- These dyes receive got skilful leveling in addition to color fastness properties.
- The interaction betwixt fiber in addition to dye is established through real potent ionic bonds , which are formed betwixt the anionic groups of the colorant in addition to ammonium cations on the fiber. Chromium or the metallic element ion acts every bit couple betwixt the dye in addition to fiber , which gives ascent to a real potent linkage , resulting into first-class fastness properties.
| Name of Dyes | Application |
| Man made fiber (Nylon), Natural fiber (Silk, Wool) | |
| Man made fiber (Viscose), Natural fiber (Cotton) | |
| Man made fiber (Viscose), Natural fiber (Cotton, Silk, Wool) | |
| Nylon, Polyester, Acrylic, Tri-acetate, Di-acetate | |
| Jute, Acrylic | |
| Cotton, Wool, Silk, Viscose, Nylon | |
| Cotton, Viscose | |
| Cotton, Wool, Silk | |
| Cotton, Man made fiber | |
| Mineral | Cotton, Wool, Silk |
| Cotton, Viscose | |
| Aniline Black | Cotton |
| Rapid in addition to Rapidson dye | Cotton |
| Onium dye | Cotton, Jute |
Conclusion:
At final said that dye is real of import for Textile sector.Because the cloth are to brand attractive to us past times dyeing.Dyes that are used past times the Textile manufacture are instantly mostly synthetic.These dyes are marketed ability sgranules in addition to liquid dispersion.Now the industrial Textile dyes must ascent upwards to encounter all these novel in addition to specific technical reguirements.
References:
- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dye
- /search?q=defination-classification-application_2111
- http://www.iiem.com/em/dyes/chapter3.html
- /search?q=defination-classification-application_2111
- Industrial Dyes, Chemistry, Properties, Applications past times K. Hunger (Editor)