Yaa Implementation Of Effluent Handling Plants For Waste Materials H2o & Number Of Untreated On Environs (Part-1)

Implementation of Effluent Treatment Plants for Waste Water & Effect of Untreated on Environment (Part-1)

Rois U. Mahmud
Department of Textile Engineering
BGMEA University Of Fashion & Technology
Email: roisuddinhridoy@gmail.com

Name of industry: Niagara Textile Industry Ltd.

Part-2

ABSTRACT
The operate is aimed on the implementation procedure of textile industries effluents & the introduce pollution scenario inwards People's Republic of Bangladesh due to textile effluent in addition to the consequent solution of the job past times installation of effluent handling plant. Despite of having ETP equipment almost all industries inwards People's Republic of Bangladesh most of them don’t implement the organisation because of huge expenses. On other manus the increasing industrialization is contributing severe pollution to the environs past times the toxic waste matter discharge. The liquid effluents from industries are causing a major havoc to the environment, ecology, agriculture, aquaculture in addition to populace wellness since the evolution of textile industries inwards the country. It had travel a prerequisite to laid upwards ETP inwards each industrial establishment, peculiarly at dyeing industries that were discharging huge amount of liquid waste matter to the rivers every day. But, for the successful implementation of ETPs, manufacture owners volition receive got to live socially responsible in addition to at the same time, authorities should provide the manufacturing flora owners alongside logistic supports in addition to relaxed fourth dimension frame to laid upwards ETPs.

Keywords: Implementation process, Industrial Effluents; Water Quality; BOD; COD; TSS.

Introduction
Industrialization is an inevitable characteristic of economical intensification inwards a developing country. In the means of employment-intensive industrialization, textile industries are playing an utmost of import role offering tremendous opportunities for the economic scheme of Bangladesh. With the industrial evolution inwards Bangladesh, the waste matter administration systems did non educate accordingly. Despite of having ETP equipment almost all industries are seen to discharge their wastes into H2O in addition to on soil without whatsoever handling or afterward partial treatment. Of the environmental elements, H2O is the most affected every bit the large industries are commonly situated on the river banks in addition to due to continuous receiving of the effluents the toxicity of these river H2O increases 24-hour interval past times day. The environmental pollution created past times the industries has right away travel a burning number of the acre (Bhuiyan, M.A.H. et. al., 2011) (Islam in addition to Jolly, 2007) (Jolly in addition to Islam, 2006). The major polluting industries similar textile in addition to dyeing, paints, tanneries, fossil oil refineries, chemic complexes, fish processing units, fertilizer factories, cement factories, lather in addition to detergent factories including lite industrial units of People's Republic of Bangladesh discharge direct untreated toxic effluents inwards the rivers (Jolly, Ph. D.thesis, 2011). The textile dyeing wastes comprise unused or partially used organic compounds, in addition to high biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) in addition to chemic oxygen demand (COD).

It is a positive sign that many industries are too making progress inwards establishing in addition to operating their ain ETPs to comply alongside national in addition to international requirements, in addition to too because of increased personal awareness of the negative impacts of industrial effluent.

Objectives

To discovery out the implementation procedure of Effluent Treatment Plants of textile industries
To discovery out the used chemicals information inwards ETP
To discovery out the capacity of effluent handling
To discovery out the termination of untreated H2O on environs

Literature Review
For making a Research newspaper on the implementation procedure of ETP & termination of untreated H2O on environs nether our Lecturer Mr. Rakib nosotros made a see at Niagara Textile LTD inwards Chandra, Gazipur. After went in that place 1 disappointing thing nosotros faced that the ascendancy didn’t give us whatsoever permission to bring photograph of ETP processes & units. We don’t know why they did that may live for their safety purpose. Then nosotros went to ETP flora & the teacher of ETP told us their ETP is a physico-chemical ETP plant.

With physico-chemical treatments to a greater extent than ofttimes than non used inwards People's Republic of Bangladesh (coagulation in addition to flocculation) it is possible to take away much, maybe all of the color depending on the procedure used. It is yet hard to trim back BOD in addition to COD to the value needed to run across the national effluent discharge standard, in addition to impossible to take away TDS. The removal charge per unit of measurement is subject on the influent wastewater quality. The removal efficiency of this type of handling has been found to live 50% in addition to 70% for BOD in addition to COD respectively.After that nosotros knew almost the procedure menstruum nautical chart of the ETP in addition to that is respectively screening, equalization tank, Sedimentation in addition to Filtration, Chemical Unit Processes, PH controller, Aeration Tank, Coagulation in addition to Flocculation, Secondary Clearifier & sludge collection Tank & Discharge Treated Water.We too know almost the all chemicals are used to care for the waste matter H2O inwards Niagara. These are Fe(SO4),Ca(CO3),HCL & electro-polymer.We too collect the capacity of ETP. They care for almost 120m3 H2O per hour,that hateful they care for almost 2880m3 H2O per day.At the in conclusion stage nosotros saw the discharge & sludge tank in addition to nosotros collect the Data of discharge quality. After collecting the Data in addition to monitoring the discharge H2O color & odor nosotros receive got reached a determination on that the character of discharge of Niagara is non in addition to then good. May live their waste matter H2O handling is simply similar an Eye wash. And they surrender the discharge into the local cannel.That’s why their depression character treated H2O may impairment the cannel’s water.So that the ascendancy should hold the flora real carefully to care for the H2O purely.

We too know almost roughly other of import thing that whole H2O source of Niagara is hole-and-corner water. This is a actually large thing of describe organisation for our environmental residue of hole-and-corner water. And roughly other thing is, Niagara ascendancy make non utilization the used H2O past times recycling. So that 24-hour interval past times 24-hour interval nosotros may live liberate our hole-and-corner H2O level. So nosotros recommend hither to the ascendancy to utilization the treated H2O past times recycling. So that our H2O flat may non travel downwardly 24-hour interval past times day.

Methodology
In guild to accomplish the objectives of the study, an intensive plain survey was conducted inwards Niagara textile manufacture inwards chandra, Gazipur.At starting betoken of our see nosotros offset saw the dyeing procedure of the industry.Here nosotros saw their conventional & modern dyeing machines used to dye the fabric. We informed hither every bit for conventional machine they utilization 150L H2O per Kg cloth for dyeing & for modern machine they utilization 60to75L H2O per Kg fabric.And nosotros too know almost the capacity of their effluent handling plant. Then nosotros went to reckon the ETP in addition to hither nosotros utter alongside the ETP instructor. He told us almost their systems in addition to processes of effluent treatment. He too told us almost the chemicals they utilization for treating effluent. After that nosotros went to reckon the whole procedure of ETP past times our eye. At the destination of the site nosotros receive got examined the in conclusion H2O sample create through ETP system(color) & how they larn by that H2O in addition to sludge. From the whole see nosotros collect the touchstone implementation procedure of ETP, Data of chemic they used, their management, touchstone charge per unit of measurement of their in conclusion treated water& too discovery out how useful that H2O is for the environs etc.

Pollution Scenario Due to Textile Effluent
In Bangladesh, industrial units are mostly located at waterside. Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 complex mixture of hazardous chemicals, both organic in addition to inorganic, is discharged into the H2O bodies from all these industries, commonly without treatment. Thus, industrial units drain effluents direct into the rivers without whatsoever consideration of the environmental degradation.

Textile in addition to dyeing industries create wastewater, or effluent, every bit a bi-product of their products, which contains several pollutants originated from sizing, bleaching, mercerizing, fancy dyeing, hide printing, yarn dyeing in addition to finishing. Chemicals used inwards these industries include acrylonitrile, chlorinated phenols, salicylanilide, organic mercurial compounds, in addition to copper ammonium carbonate(3). Organic components degrade H2O character during decomposition past times depleting dissolved oxygen. The non- biodegradable organic components persist inwards the H2O organisation for a long fourth dimension in addition to travel past times into the nutrient chain. In-organic pollutants are mostly metallic element salts, in addition to basic in addition to acidic compounds. These inorganic components undergo unlike chemic in addition to biochemical interactions inwards the river system, in addition to deteriorate H2O quality.

In knit dyeing, the local textile dyeing industries higher amount of wastewater which varies from 150 - 330 liter per Kg of fabric, whereas the recommended amount of wastewater that tin live discharged from composite textile dyeing industries is 100 liter per Kg cloth every bit per Environmental Conservation Rules, 1997 [4]. Disposal of these large amounts of wastewater alongside highly toxic compounds to H2O trunk in addition to irrigable soil is extensively threatening to the ecosystem in addition to aquatic life in addition to it too enters inwards our nutrient chains. These Pb to diminish the fisheries in addition to agricultural economic scheme 24-hour interval past times day. The pollution leads to yield of miserable character of fish alongside the olfactory holding of chemicals. In general, pH of the effluent is found to inwards a higher house 11, which travel lethal to all species of fish.

Again, the textile industries dispose large quantities of sulphates inwards their wastewater; this tin live converted inwards the environs to hydrogen sulfide, a real poisonous gas. In addition, in that place is a large trunk of prove that shows that residual textile dyes which occur alongside the waste-water tin deed every bit respiratory sensitizers in addition to tin Pb to coughs, respiratory tract irritation advertising asthma [4].

It is to live noted that, textile effluent comprises of large quantity of tabular array salt along alongside wastewater every bit dissolved solid. This salinity of the effluent is non removed past times the conventional handling of the effluent. So, alongside or without treatment, this wastewater disposed to the H2O organisation leads to increasing the salinity of H2O severely.

Thus, this indiscriminate discharge of untreated effluent to river deteriorates river H2O character to unacceptable flat in addition to heavily impacts on H2O supply, human health, fisheries in addition to agriculture. Recently, Government of People's Republic of Bangladesh (GoB) has conducted a written report on survey of environmental pollution from industries inwards greater Dhaka, alongside the assistance of the United Nations Environmental Program (UNEP). Under the project, 6 clusters (Savar, Konabari, Tejgaon, Tongi, Hazaribagh in addition to Narayangonj) are classified to undertake sampling in addition to analysis the information to characterize wastewater.

Waste H2O from dyeing mill

Findings of the Study

## Implementation

# Effluent handling methods:
At offset nosotros operate alongside the method of effluent handling method. Methods of effluent handling may live classified into 3 principal categories: physical, chemic in addition to biological, every bit listed inwards Table [1]. Primary stages of handling are mainly physical in addition to include screening, sedimentation, flotation in addition to flocculation to take away fibrous debris, undissolved chemicals in addition to particulate matter. Primary handling does non significantly take away color. Secondary stages are designed to eliminate the organic charge in addition to consist of a combination of physico-chemical separation in addition to biological oxidation. Biological handling does non take away sufficient color, COD in addition to electrolytes to live satisfactory on its ain but is ofttimes the to the lowest degree costly method of treatment. Physico-chemical separation depends on the forces of chemisorption to extract the colloidal organic compounds from the liquid phase. Tertiary stages of handling receive got travel to a greater extent than of import but they brand a major contribution to handling costs. This stage is of import for the removal of color in addition to no 1 handling volition bargain alongside the removal of all types of color.

Biological processes must live protected from stupor loads of industrial pollutants, especially those containing toxic constituents. Preliminary stages include equalisation, neutralization in addition to disinfection. Major reasons for miserable results from settling tanks include meaning fluctuations inwards flow, temperature in addition to composition of waste matter liquors which drive convection currents in addition to stratification inwards the tanks in addition to interfere alongside normal sedimentation. Balancing of menstruum in addition to composition together alongside cooling or estrus recovery is necessary. Disinfection alongside chlorine may protect the micro-organisms inwards the biological stage from toxic contamination.

Table 1 – Methods of effluent handling

Physical	Chemical	Biological
Sedimentation Filtration Flotation Foam fractionation Coagulation Reverse osmosis Solvent extraction Ionising radiations Adsorption Incineration Freezing Distillation	Neutralisation (HCL) Reduction Oxidation Catalysis Ion telephone substitution Electrolysis (Polymer)	Stabilised ponds Aerated lagoons Trickling filters Activated sludge Anaerobic digestion Fungal handling

Our operate site on which nosotros operate is a Physico-chemical Treatment Plant.

The basic units needed for a stand-alone physico-chemical handling flora are screening, an equalization unit, a pH command unit, chemic storage tanks, a mixing unit, a flocculation unit, a settling unit of measurement in addition to a sludge dewatering unit of measurement (Figure 1).

Figure 1: Typical Flow Diagram of a Physico-Chemical Treatment Plant inwards Bangladesh.