Yaa Hydroentanglement Bonding Procedure For Production Of Nonwoven Textile (Part-7)
Thursday 20 December 2018
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Hydro-entanglement Bonding Process for Production of Nonwoven Fabric (Part-7)
Eng Mohamed Elsharkawy
Dept. of Textile Engineering
Alexandria University
Alexandria, Arab Republic of Egypt
Email: m.elsharkawy.tex@gmail.com
Dept. of Textile Engineering
Alexandria University
Alexandria, Arab Republic of Egypt
Email: m.elsharkawy.tex@gmail.com
5.3 Experimental methodology
In this part, nosotros beak nigh the procedures followed inwards each experiment of mentioned tests.
5.3.1 Fabric thickness examination
The experiment is done equally next procedures:
- The cloth sample that is to survive measured is kept on an anvil.
- The press human foot is gently lowered on to the specimen.
- The reading is taken to become the thickness of the specimen.
- The apartment round out indenter of the micrometer exerts the specified pressure level on the cloth sample.
- The inwards a higher house physical care for is repeated to obtain the values of thickness at to the lowest degree at iii dissimilar locations.
- The hateful value of all the readings of thickness determined to the nearest 0.01m is calculated as well as the final result is the average thickness of the sample nether test.
The procedures of examination are equally followed:
- Cut the cloth sample according to the template area. By this agency nosotros cutting samples.
- Then these samples volition survive weighed yesteryear digital residue inwards grams.
- By this agency nosotros become the weight inwards gram per i foursquare meter fabric.
- Now give away out the average of these institute weights.
The examination procedures are equally followed:
- Prepare the machine. Clamps should survive laid nigh iii inches apart
- Select the strength make of the testing machine for the pause to occur betwixt 10-90% of amount scale force.
- Set the testing machine for a loading charge per unit of measurement equally specified.
- Mount the specimen inwards the clamps equally direct equally possible thence that the same lengthwise yarns are gripped yesteryear both clamps
- If specimen clips inwards the jaws, or breaks at the border or inwards the jaws or performs markedly below the average for the laid of specimens, discard the final result as well as accept roughly other specimen.
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| In machine direction In cross direction Code (200) |
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| In machine direction In cross management Code (400) |
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| In machine direction In cross direction Code (600) |
Fig 5.6: shape of tensile examination samples
5.3.4 Tear strength examination
The examination is done according to the next procedures:
- Secure the specimen inwards the clamp jaws alongside the slit border of each natural language centered inwards such a trend that the originally side yesteryear side cutting edges of the tongues cast a direct business joining the centers of the clamps as well as the ii tongues introduce contrary faces of the cloth to the operator.
- Start the machine as well as tape the vehement strength on the recording device. The vehement strength may increase to a uncomplicated maximum value, or may exhibit several maxima as well as minima.
- After the crosshead has moved to make of cloth tear, equally indicated for the type cloth as well as vehement activity observed. Stop the crosshead motility later on a amount tear or the cloth has torn completely, as well as provide the crosshead to its starting position.
- Record if the tear occurs crosswise to the management o f applied force.
- Remove the tested specimen as well as popular off on specimens testing.
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| Code (400) Code (200) Code (600)Figure (5.7): Shape of samples of tear examination |
The experiment is done equally followed:
- Place the sample inwards the vociferation upwardly clamp equally apartment equally possible alongside no wrinkle or tension as well as tighten the clamp.
- Center the ball on the sample as well as laid the assembly CBR machine.
- Operate the machine at top speed until the cloth is ruptured yesteryear the steel ball.
- Read as well as tape the bursting forces as well as become the av
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| Code (200) Code (600) Code (400) Fig 5.8: Shape of samples of puncture examination |
The procedures of this examination are:
- Fasten the examination specimen securely inwards the hoop thence that the appear upwardly of the examination specimen volition survive exposed to the H2O flow. The surface of the specimen should survive smoothen as well as without wrinkles. Place the hoop on the stand upwardly of the tester alongside the specimen inwards such a lay that pump of the menses designing coincides alongside the pump of the hoop.
- Pour distilled H2O into the funnel of the tester as well as allow it to onto the examination specimen for 25 to xxx seconds. Take the hoop yesteryear the bottom border as well as tap the contrary border firmly i time against a solid object alongside the cloth facing the object.
- Repeat the physical care for inwards a higher house for other 2 specimens. Record the reads as well as accept the average value.
The examination is done equally followed as well as these all procedures are done according to the standard:
- Put the sample as well as gear upwardly it inwards the frame, as well as thence apply anti-static spray uniformly on the geo-textile surface.
- Secure the sample without wrinkle as well as must non survive stretched.
- Prepare many sizes of sand beads to locomote inwards the examination as well as get-go alongside the smallest diameter as well as apply it on the pump of the sample.
- Place a comprehend as well as a pan, earlier shaking the frame alongside the sample for 10 min.
- Place the sand beads nevertheless on the surface as well as weigh them as well as weigh the beads passed through the sample.
- By conclusion of the weight of beads passed as well as nevertheless on the surface as well as comparison alongside the master weight of beads, nosotros calculate the apparent opening size. Repeat the experiment alongside larger diameters of sand beads as well as become the average to create got the concluding value.