Yaa Handling Of Cotton Fiber Fiber Amongst Chitosan For The Improvement Of Exhaustion During Dyeing Amongst Reactive Dye (Part-5)

Treatment of Cotton Fiber alongside Chitosan for the Improvement of Exhaustion during Dyeing alongside Reactive Dye (Part-5)

Mustaque Ahammed Mamun
Department of Textile Engineering
Dhaka University of Engineering & Technology (DUET)
Cell: +8801723300703
Email: mamuntex09@gmail.com

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CHAPTER iv
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

4.1. Measurement of Dye Exhaustion
Dye exhaustion may define equally the leaving of a dye from the dye bathroom in addition to attachment to the fiber existence dyed. For instance, 70% exhaustion would hateful that 70% of the full total of dye has attached to the fiber, in addition to 30% is all the same inwards solution. Dyebath exhaustion tin sack live calculated equally the majority of dye taken upward yesteryear the stuff divided yesteryear the full initial majority of dye inwards the bath, for a bathroom of constant volume [21].

Where, C0 in addition to Cs are the concentrations of dye inwards the dyebath initially in addition to at roughly fourth dimension during the process, respectively.

Figure: 4.1 Dye exhaustion per centum of chitosan treated in addition to untreated samples.

The handling of stuff alongside chitosan has enhanced the dyesite inwards cellulose macromolecule of cotton fiber fiber. As a result, the treated stuff absorbed to a greater extent than dyestuff than the untreated sample in addition to this absorption has increased the exhaustion per centum of dye inwards the treated fabric. The improved dyebath exhaustion has shown yesteryear the longer bar diagram inwards Figure 4.1 where all the chitosan treated stuff samples get got shown longer bar than the untreated stuff sample. From the statistical analysis, it has been flora that, the values of exhaustion percentages of chitosan treated stuff has fluctuated to a greater extent than than the un- treated stuff sample, resulting higher bar inwards the bar diagram. One possible argue for comparatively higher bar inwards treated stuff may live the unequal chitosan absorption yesteryear dissimilar samples.

4.2 Depth of Shade
Color depth of the dyed fabrics was analyzed yesteryear meauring the K/S values of samples. Higher the value of K/S to a greater extent than dye volition absorb inwards the fabric. Color measurement musical instrument (spectrophotometer) determines the K/S value of a given stuff through Kubelka-Munk equation equally follows [21].

S = scattering of dyes. The values flora for all the dyed fabrics are shown inwards Figures 4.2

Figure: 4.2 the gradual increment of dye absorption (K/S value) alongside the increment of chitosan concentration.

It has been flora that the chitosan treated stuff samples get got absorbed significantly higher total of dyes than normal untreated fabric. The dyebath parameters such equally shade %, total of tabular array salt in addition to alkali, dyeing fourth dimension in addition to temperature were constant for all the samples. The increased K/S value inwards the chitosan treated stuff indicates the presence of higher total of the dye absorbed inwards the chitosan treated fabric.

4.3 Color Fastness properties

Table: 4.1 Fastness Rating of Rubbing.

Fabric Type	Rubbing Fastness
	Dry	Wet
U	4/5	4
A	4/5	3/4
B	4/5	3/4
C	4/5	3/4
D	4/5	3
E	4/5	3

Table: 4.1 Fastness Rating of washing.

Fabric Type	Washing fastness	Color staining
	Color change	Acetate	Cotton	Nylon	Poly:	Acrylic	Wool
U	4/5	4/5	4/5	4/5	4/5	4/5	4/5
A	5	4/5	4/5	4/5	4/5	4/5	4/5
B	5	4/5	4/5	4/5	4/5	4/5	4/5
C	5	4/5	4/5	4/5	4/5	4/5	4/5
D	4/5	4/5	4	4/5	4/5	4/5	4/5
E	4/5	4/5	4	4/5	4/5	4	4/5

Table: 4.2 Code of examination samples

Test stuff type	Code
Normal stuff without whatever chitosan handling	U
Fabric treated alongside 0.5% Chitosan solution	A
Fabric treated alongside 1% Chitosan solution	B
Fabric treated alongside 1.5% Chitosan solution	C
Fabric treated alongside 2.5% Chitosan solution	D
Fabric treated alongside 3% Chitosan solution	E

CHAPTER v
CONCLUSION

5.1 Conclusion
Reactive dyeing procedure has been completed at 600C in addition to the added fourth dimension remains sixty mins. Fixation in addition to exhaustion get got been completed at 600c. The improver of glubar’s tabular array salt is necessary equally it increment the exhaustion of the dye bath. This written report is intended to amend the absorption of reactive dye yesteryear cotton fiber fiber later treating alongside chitosan. The application of chitosan on cotton fiber fiber enhances the dye adsorption in addition to equally good increases the hydroxyl grouping for fixation. Accordingly, dye exhaustion in addition to depth of shade amend inwards the treated stuff compared to the untreated fabric. Though the fastness rating is lower inwards illustration of moisture rubbing fastness, the overall fastness rating is satisfactory. In all cases, the pre-dyeing method inwards which the fabrics were treated alongside chitosan solutions prior to dyeing produced the optimum K/S value. An increment inwards chitosan concentration resulted inwards an increment inwards the dyeability of dye. This lawsuit was associated alongside the presence of bonded chitosan through the chemic reaction of the chitosan aldehyde grouping alongside cellulose. Due to high absorbency, hydrolysis of dye is reduced which is helpful to protect the surroundings from pollution. So the handling of cotton fiber alongside chitosan tin sack live an effective agency for this purpose.

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