Yaa Listing Of Equipments Used Inwards A Spinning Lab
Wednesday 19 December 2018
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List of Equipments Used inwards a Spinning Lab
Mustaque Ahammed Mamun
Department of Textile Engineering
Dhaka University of Engineering & Technology (DUET)
Cell: +8801723300703
Email: mamuntex09@gmail.com
Department of Textile Engineering
Dhaka University of Engineering & Technology (DUET)
Cell: +8801723300703
Email: mamuntex09@gmail.com
Introduction:
The global spinning industry is currently undergoing large changes, non to the lowest degree towards the exercise of to a greater extent than modem as well as faster spinning mechanism as well as figurer system. These high speed machines request much cleaner raw material, as well as thus they constantly challenge the testing mechanism developers to render faster as well as to a greater extent than accurate testers as well as character controllers. The machineries described inwards this study are mainly related amongst cotton fiber spinning testing lab.
Factory location: DELTA spinning mill, Konabari, Gazipur
Objects:
- To know nearly unlike types of machine used inwards spinning lab.
- To know nearly the specification of unlike types of textile testing machine.
- To know nearly their function.
- To know nearly the especial purpose of unlike machine.
- To know nearly the machines, which are necessary to prepare a expert character command lab (Spg ).
Quality assurance testing equipments inwards DELTA spinning mill:
| Serial No. | Machine name | Origin | Testing material |
| 01 | USTER HVI SPECTRUM | SWITZERLAND | FIBRE |
| 02 | USTER AFIS PRO | SWITZERLAND | SLIVER TO ROVING |
| 03 | USTER TESTER- 5 | SWITZERLAND | SLIVER TO ROVING |
| 04 | USTER TENSOJET-4 | SWITZERLAND | YARN |
| 05 | ZEIGLE LEA STRENGTH TESTER | GERMANY | YARN |
| 06 | ZEIGLE WRAP REEL(L232) | GERMANY | YARN |
| 07 | ZEIGLE WRAP BLOCK(L212) | GERMANY | SIVER TO ROVING |
Machine No-01
Specification of machine:
Functions of HVI:
The USTER® HVI 1000 measures the most of import cotton fiber fiber properties for cotton fiber classing purposes (and high-throughput requirements for spinning mills.) These are length, uniformity, curt fiber index, micronaire, maturity index, strength, elongation, color as well as trash, as well as wet content.
Features of HVI:
Specification of machine:
- Machine name-USTER HVI SPECTRUM
- Company-Zellweger USTER
- Country – Switzerland
- Software – USTER HVI K
 |
| Figure: USTER HVI SPECTRUM |
The USTER® HVI 1000 measures the most of import cotton fiber fiber properties for cotton fiber classing purposes (and high-throughput requirements for spinning mills.) These are length, uniformity, curt fiber index, micronaire, maturity index, strength, elongation, color as well as trash, as well as wet content.
Features of HVI:
The next features are provided amongst the USTER® HVI 1000:
Main Equipment: Length/Strength, Moisture Content, Micronaire as well as Color/Trash Instruments.
Computer Software: The USTER® HVI K is a bill of fare driven pattern that allows quick access as well as alternative of testing, setup, calibration, as well as information management. These features include:
Drive, sixty GB or improve difficult drive, as well as Pentium P4 processor
Ambient Conditions: According to ISO 139, the next ambient weather condition must live maintained inwards the laboratory inwards lodge to larn repeatable as well as comparable bear witness results:
Test parameters of HVI: at that topographic point are 3 modules inwards USTER HVI-
Principles of fiber testing using HVI:
Sample preparation: The fibro gram method is preferred spell preparing the sample for fiber length estimation. The sample has to live presented to the measuring zone past times clamping the fibers at a random grab point. Here the fibrosampler is used. The bear witness specimen obtained using the fibro sampler/comb combination is a beard of fibers amongst private fibers projecting to unlike length from the clamping point. In HVI, the strength testing is too done on the same beard of fibers amongst private fibers projecting to unlike lengths from the clamping point. In HVI, strength testing is too done on the same beard of fibers prepared for length measurement. While using the depression book musical instrument -fibro stelo for strength measurement, the sampling is done on the dissever fiber bundles, of which xv mm long is prepared afterwards remounting the curt fibers past times combing. For micronaire testing, a sample of cotton fiber weighing some 8.5-11.5 grams is used. For color testing, random majority of fibers sufficient to encompass the bear witness window is used for measurement.
Micronaire: Micronaire Reading
Measuring principle: Measured past times relating airflow resistance to the specific surface of fibers.
The micronaire module of HVI uses the airflow method to gauge the fineness value of cotton. Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 sample known weight is compressed inwards a cylinder to known book as well as subjected to an air electrical current at a known pressure. The charge per unit of measurement of airflow through this porous plug of fiber is taken to live a stair out of the fineness of cotton. The release of fibers inwards a given weight of cotton fiber volition live to a greater extent than inwards the instance of finer fibers than inwards the instance of coarser fibers. If air is blown through these samples, the plug containing finer fibers volition live found to offering a greater resistance than the plug amongst coarser fibers. This is due to the fact that the total surface expanse inwards the instance of the old volition live greater than the latter as well as hence the drag on the air flowing past times volition live more. This differentiating element is made exercise of to indirectly stair out the fineness of cotton.
The musical instrument operates every bit follows. The sleeping accommodation lid is closed; a piston at the sleeping accommodation bottom compresses the fiber to a fixed as well as known volume. Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 regulated current of air is so forced through the sample as well as the pressure level drib across the sample is applied to a differential pressure level transducer. The transducer outputs an analog signal voltage proportional to the pressure level drop. This analogue voltage is applied to an analogue to digital converter, which outputs a digital signal representing the voltage. Cotton amongst known fineness values is tested as well as the voltages obtained are used to obtain the calibration curve, which is used for all subsequent testing to display the cotton fiber fineness.
The fineness is expressed inwards the shape of a parameter called the micronaire value, which is defined every bit the weight of 1 inch of the fiber inwards micrograms. Maturity of cotton fiber too influences the micronaire value.
Maturity measurement: Maturity Index (Mat)
Measuring principle: Calculated using a sophisticated algorithm based on several HVI™ measurements. Maturity indicates the grade of jail cellular telephone wall thickness within a cotton fiber sample. The HVI SPECTRUM Maturity index correlates really good to the AFIS Maturity Ratio as well as the reference method of microscopy (cross-sectional analysis).
Length: Upper Half Mean Length, Uniformity Index, Short Fiber Index
Measuring principle: Measured optically inwards a tapered fiber beard which is automatically prepared, carded, as well as brushed.
Upper Half Mean Length (Len):
The past times weight measure of the Upper Half Mean Length is calculated from the Fibrogram. Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 fiber beard of randomly clamped fibers is scanned optically across its length as well as the Fibrogram is campaign from it. The Upper Half Mean Length corresponds to the classer’s staple length every bit good every bit to the AFIS Upper Quartile length past times weight. Please banking company complaint that a length gain is assigned inwards inches for each length staple or code. The ranges calculated inwards millimeters create non problem upward just due to the conversion calculation. However, inches or 32nds are mainly used for staple length decision inwards the international cotton fiber tread as well as are thus binding.
Uniformity Index (Unf):
The uniformity index expresses the ratio of the hateful length to the upper one-half hateful length. It is an indication of the distribution of fiber length within the Fibrogram.
Uniformity index = Mean Length/upper one-half hateful length.
Short Fiber Index (SFI):
The curt fiber index is a value that is calculated using a sophisticated algorithm. The Fibrogram is mathematically converted to a length distribution curve. The SIF is an indication of the amount of fibers (%) that are less to than 0.5 inch (12.7mm) inwards length. It correlates really good to the AFIS curt fiber content past times weight (SFC).
Main Equipment: Length/Strength, Moisture Content, Micronaire as well as Color/Trash Instruments.
Computer Software: The USTER® HVI K is a bill of fare driven pattern that allows quick access as well as alternative of testing, setup, calibration, as well as information management. These features include:
- Windows XP operating organisation amongst icon-based software
- Simple user interface
- Error messages for troubleshooting
- Network capabilities
Drive, sixty GB or improve difficult drive, as well as Pentium P4 processor
- Keyboard amongst Integrated Touchpad
- 17” High Resolution Flat Panel LCD Monitor amongst Integrated Sound Bar
- Balance
- Printer
- Integrated Bar Code Scanner
- UPS – Uninterrupted Power Supply device
- UV Module
- NEP Module
- Relative humidity as well as temperature probe
- Moisture measure
- Easily accessible Lint Waste Box amongst 2 dissever access doors
- Computer System easily removed for service
- Configuration tin terminate live straight problem configuration or “L” configuration
- Industrial brushed stainless steel top as well as piece of occupation surfaces
- Single dot adjustable brush pressure level
- Integrated air enclosure about residuum to eliminate influences of air turbulence
- Password protected operational software
- Complete Operator Manual included
Ambient Conditions: According to ISO 139, the next ambient weather condition must live maintained inwards the laboratory inwards lodge to larn repeatable as well as comparable bear witness results:
- Temperature: 20±2°C; 65 °F to 72 °F
- Relative Humidity: 65±2%
Test parameters of HVI: at that topographic point are 3 modules inwards USTER HVI-
- MIC module(MIC as well as maturity
- Length as well as strength module (Upper Half Mean Length, Uniformity Index, Short Fiber Index, strength, elongation)
- Color as well as trash module (Rd, +b, color grade, trash grade, trash area, trash count, moisture)
Principles of fiber testing using HVI:
Sample preparation: The fibro gram method is preferred spell preparing the sample for fiber length estimation. The sample has to live presented to the measuring zone past times clamping the fibers at a random grab point. Here the fibrosampler is used. The bear witness specimen obtained using the fibro sampler/comb combination is a beard of fibers amongst private fibers projecting to unlike length from the clamping point. In HVI, the strength testing is too done on the same beard of fibers amongst private fibers projecting to unlike lengths from the clamping point. In HVI, strength testing is too done on the same beard of fibers prepared for length measurement. While using the depression book musical instrument -fibro stelo for strength measurement, the sampling is done on the dissever fiber bundles, of which xv mm long is prepared afterwards remounting the curt fibers past times combing. For micronaire testing, a sample of cotton fiber weighing some 8.5-11.5 grams is used. For color testing, random majority of fibers sufficient to encompass the bear witness window is used for measurement.
- Sample weight for MIC measurement-8.5 gm (range 8.5-11.5 gm)
- Sample weight for other test- 30-40 gm to encompass the bear witness window
Micronaire: Micronaire Reading
Measuring principle: Measured past times relating airflow resistance to the specific surface of fibers.
The micronaire module of HVI uses the airflow method to gauge the fineness value of cotton. Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 sample known weight is compressed inwards a cylinder to known book as well as subjected to an air electrical current at a known pressure. The charge per unit of measurement of airflow through this porous plug of fiber is taken to live a stair out of the fineness of cotton. The release of fibers inwards a given weight of cotton fiber volition live to a greater extent than inwards the instance of finer fibers than inwards the instance of coarser fibers. If air is blown through these samples, the plug containing finer fibers volition live found to offering a greater resistance than the plug amongst coarser fibers. This is due to the fact that the total surface expanse inwards the instance of the old volition live greater than the latter as well as hence the drag on the air flowing past times volition live more. This differentiating element is made exercise of to indirectly stair out the fineness of cotton.
The musical instrument operates every bit follows. The sleeping accommodation lid is closed; a piston at the sleeping accommodation bottom compresses the fiber to a fixed as well as known volume. Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 regulated current of air is so forced through the sample as well as the pressure level drib across the sample is applied to a differential pressure level transducer. The transducer outputs an analog signal voltage proportional to the pressure level drop. This analogue voltage is applied to an analogue to digital converter, which outputs a digital signal representing the voltage. Cotton amongst known fineness values is tested as well as the voltages obtained are used to obtain the calibration curve, which is used for all subsequent testing to display the cotton fiber fineness.
The fineness is expressed inwards the shape of a parameter called the micronaire value, which is defined every bit the weight of 1 inch of the fiber inwards micrograms. Maturity of cotton fiber too influences the micronaire value.
| Micronaire values | Fibre grade |
| Less than 3.0 | Very fine |
| 3.0 to 3.6 | Fine |
| 3.7 to 4.7 | Medium |
| 4.8 to 5.4 | Coarse |
| 5.5 to higher | Very coarse |
Maturity measurement: Maturity Index (Mat)
Measuring principle: Calculated using a sophisticated algorithm based on several HVI™ measurements. Maturity indicates the grade of jail cellular telephone wall thickness within a cotton fiber sample. The HVI SPECTRUM Maturity index correlates really good to the AFIS Maturity Ratio as well as the reference method of microscopy (cross-sectional analysis).
| Maturity Index | Description |
| Below 0.75 | Uncommon |
| 0.75 to 0.85 | Immature |
| 0.86 to 0.95 | Mature |
| Above 0.95 | Very mature |
Length: Upper Half Mean Length, Uniformity Index, Short Fiber Index
Measuring principle: Measured optically inwards a tapered fiber beard which is automatically prepared, carded, as well as brushed.
Upper Half Mean Length (Len):
The past times weight measure of the Upper Half Mean Length is calculated from the Fibrogram. Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 fiber beard of randomly clamped fibers is scanned optically across its length as well as the Fibrogram is campaign from it. The Upper Half Mean Length corresponds to the classer’s staple length every bit good every bit to the AFIS Upper Quartile length past times weight. Please banking company complaint that a length gain is assigned inwards inches for each length staple or code. The ranges calculated inwards millimeters create non problem upward just due to the conversion calculation. However, inches or 32nds are mainly used for staple length decision inwards the international cotton fiber tread as well as are thus binding.
| Fibre length(Inches) | UHM (inches) | UHM (mm) | Code (32nds) |
| <13/16 | <0.79 | <20.1 | |
| 13/16 | .80-0.85 | 20.1-21.6 | |
| 7/8 | 0.90 – 0.92 | 22.9-23.4 | 29 |
| 15/16 | 0.93 – 0.95 | 23.6 – 24.1 | 30 |
| 31/32 | 0.96-0.98 | 24.4 – 24.9 | 31 |
| 1 | 0.99-1.01 | 25.1 – 25.8 | 32 |
| 1 1/32 | 1.02-1.04 | 25.9 – 26.4 | 33 |
| 1 1/16 | 1.05-1.07 | 26.7 – 27.2 | 34 |
| 1 3/32 | 1.08-1.10 | 27.3 – 27.9 | 35 |
| 1 1/8 | 1.11-1.13 | 28.2 – 28.7 | 36 |
| 1 5/32 | 1.14-1.17 | 29.0 – 29.7 | 37 |
| 1 3/16 | 1.18-1.20 | 30.0 – 30.5 | 38 |
| 1 7/32 | 1.21-1.23 | 30.7 – 31.2 | 39 |
| 1 ¼ | 1.24-1.26 | 31.5 – 32.0 | 40 |
| 1 9/32 | 1.27-1.29 | 32.3 – 32.8 | 41 |
| 1 5/16 | 1.30- 1.32 | 33.0 – 33.5 | 42 |
| 1 11/32 | 1.33 -1.35 | 33.8 – 34.3 | 43 |
| 1 3/8 | >1.36 | >34.5 | 44 |
Uniformity Index (Unf):
The uniformity index expresses the ratio of the hateful length to the upper one-half hateful length. It is an indication of the distribution of fiber length within the Fibrogram.
Uniformity index = Mean Length/upper one-half hateful length.
| Uniformity Index | Description |
| Below 77 | Very low |
| 77 to 80 | Low |
| 81 to 84 | Medium |
| 85 to 87 | High |
| 87 as well as higher | Very high |
Short Fiber Index (SFI):
The curt fiber index is a value that is calculated using a sophisticated algorithm. The Fibrogram is mathematically converted to a length distribution curve. The SIF is an indication of the amount of fibers (%) that are less to than 0.5 inch (12.7mm) inwards length. It correlates really good to the AFIS curt fiber content past times weight (SFC).
| Short Fiber Index | Description |
| Below 6 | Very low |
| 6 to 9 | Low |
| 10 to 13 | Medium |
| 14 to 17 | High |
| 18 as well as higher | Very high |
Strength (Strength, Elongation):
Measuring principle: Strength is measured physically past times clamping a fiber package betwixt 2 pairs of clamps at known distance. The mo yoke of clamps pulls away from the kickoff yoke at a constant speed until the fiber package breaks. The distance it travels, extending the fiber package earlier breakage, is reported every bit elongation. The package strength is breaking strength of the cotton fiber fibers inwards grams per tex. The fineness is calculated from the micronaire value. The fiber beard is broken at a continuous deformation charge per unit of measurement (CRE= Constant Rate of Extension) as well as amongst a 1/8-inch distance betwixt the clamps.
Elongation (Elg):
Elongation is a stair out of the elastic demeanor of the fibers inwards the bundle. The fibers are clamped inwards the package amongst a 1/8 inch distance betwixt the clamps. The kickoff yoke of clamps is stationary as well as the dorsum yoke of clamps is pulled away at a constant rate. The distance the fibers extend earlier they suspension is recorded as well as expressed every bit a percent elongation.
Moisture (Moist)
Measuring principle: Moisture content of the cotton fiber sample at the fourth dimension of testing, using conductive wet probe. Moisture is the percent of H2O that is introduce inwards the sample existence tested. Moisture inwards the cotton fiber varies amongst time, temperature, as well as humidity to which the samples direct hold been exposed. Consistent wet is necessary to keep HVI SPECTRUM bear witness upshot on the same flat of accuracy as well as precision. The best flat precision as well as accuracy are obtained when sample wet has an average of 6.5% - 8%.
Color: Rd (Whiteness), +b (Yellowness), Color Grade
Measuring principle:
Measuring principle: Strength is measured physically past times clamping a fiber package betwixt 2 pairs of clamps at known distance. The mo yoke of clamps pulls away from the kickoff yoke at a constant speed until the fiber package breaks. The distance it travels, extending the fiber package earlier breakage, is reported every bit elongation. The package strength is breaking strength of the cotton fiber fibers inwards grams per tex. The fineness is calculated from the micronaire value. The fiber beard is broken at a continuous deformation charge per unit of measurement (CRE= Constant Rate of Extension) as well as amongst a 1/8-inch distance betwixt the clamps.
| Strength | Description |
| Less than 21 | Very weak |
| 22 to 24 | Weak |
| 25 to 27 | Medium |
| 28 to 30 | Strong |
| 31 as well as higher | Very strong |
Elongation (Elg):
Elongation is a stair out of the elastic demeanor of the fibers inwards the bundle. The fibers are clamped inwards the package amongst a 1/8 inch distance betwixt the clamps. The kickoff yoke of clamps is stationary as well as the dorsum yoke of clamps is pulled away at a constant rate. The distance the fibers extend earlier they suspension is recorded as well as expressed every bit a percent elongation.
| Elongation | Description |
| Less than 5.0 | Very low |
| 5.0 to 5.8 | Low |
| 5.9 to 6.7 | Medium |
| 6.8 to 7.6 | High |
| 7.7 as well as higher | Very high |
Moisture (Moist)
Measuring principle: Moisture content of the cotton fiber sample at the fourth dimension of testing, using conductive wet probe. Moisture is the percent of H2O that is introduce inwards the sample existence tested. Moisture inwards the cotton fiber varies amongst time, temperature, as well as humidity to which the samples direct hold been exposed. Consistent wet is necessary to keep HVI SPECTRUM bear witness upshot on the same flat of accuracy as well as precision. The best flat precision as well as accuracy are obtained when sample wet has an average of 6.5% - 8%.
| Moisture | Description |
| Below 4.5 | Very low |
| 4.5 to 6.5 | Low |
| 6.5 to 8.0 | Medium |
| 8.0 to 10.0 | High |
| 10.0 as well as higher | Very high |
Color: Rd (Whiteness), +b (Yellowness), Color Grade
Measuring principle:
Measured optically past times unlike color filters, converted to USDA Upland or Pima Color Grades or regional customized color chart.
Reflectance (Rd): This value expresses the whiteness of the low-cal that is reflected past times the cotton fiber fibers. It corresponds to the reflectance (Rd) represented inwards the Nickerson/hunter color chart. It is used inwards conjunction amongst yellowness (+b) to decide the instrument-measured color grade of cotton.
Yellowness (+b): This value expresses the yellowness of the low-cal that that is reflected past times the cotton fiber fibers. The yellowness (+b) of the sample is determined past times using a xanthous fiber. It correspond to the +b value represented inwards the Nickerson/Hunter color chart. The yellowness is used inwards conjunction amongst the reflectance (Rd) value to decide the instrument-measured color grade of the cotton.
Color Grade (C Grade): The color grade of a cotton fiber sample is determined inwards a 2 filter colorimeter. This objective method was developed past times Nickerson as well as Hunter inwards the early on 1940s to banking company check the USDA cotton fiber grade standards. Today, it is intended to completely supercede the subjective visual grade standards. Today, it is intended to completely supercede the subjected visual grade determined past times the cotton fiber classer.
Trash: Particle Count, % Surface Area Covered past times Trash, Trash Code
Measuring principle: Measured optically past times utilizing a digital camera, as well as converted to USDA trash grades or customized regional trash standards.
Trash Count (Tr cnt): Trash is measured on the same drinking glass window every bit the color measurement. The sample is illuminated shape underneath the drinking glass window, as well as a dark as well as white CCD photographic boob tube camera analyzes the changes inwards pixels. All particles that encompass the drinking glass window are counted 1 past times 1 as well as the results are expressed inwards trash particle counts per surface area.
Trash Area (Tr Area): The expanse that is covered past times a trash particle is measured at the same fourth dimension the particle is counted. The expanse that is covered past times unmarried particle is summed upward amongst all areas of the other particles counted on the surface drinking glass window. The upshot is expressed every bit “%Area”.
For example, a little release of trash counts tin terminate upshot inwards a high “%Area” value if the particles are large. On the country, a high release of particles counts amongst a little “%Area” value betoken the trash is smaller inwards size (i.e. pepper trash).
Trash Grade (Tr Grade): This is the trash or foliage grade that is determined past times calibrating the HVI SPECTRUM amongst known sample (i.e. trash standards). These samples are unremarkably numbered shape 1 to vii amongst increasing amount of trash every bit the release gets large. The standards used for calibration tin terminate live supplied past times the USDA or established past times the official cotton fiber standards way inwards whatsoever cotton fiber producing country.
Basic statistic: When analyzing bear witness upshot of the USTER(R) HVI SPECTRUM some basic statistic is important. The 3 price used most oftentimes inwards analyzing bear witness results are:
Function:
The business office of this machine is to stair out unlike information nearly cotton fiber as well as sliver
Description:
The USTER(R) AFIS PRO comes amongst unlike modules e.g. NC module, L & M module as well as T module.
The NC module measures the following:
Functions:
There are 3 types of sensors as well as piece of occupation separately
Different bear witness specification:
Sliver test:
Taken sample:
Test results of USTER TENSOJET-4 : 
Specification of Zeigle lea strength tester:
Function:
This machine is mainly used for measuring yarn strength.
Description:
First direct hold a lee from the wrap reel machine as well as clamped inwards this machine, so run the machine according to set program. The gap betwixt 2 clamp is increased as well as afterwards sometime breaks the lee. At which charge the lee is broke betoken inwards the display, it is shown into pound (lb).To notice out CSP the charge is multiplied amongst yarn count
Specification of Zeigle wrap reel:
Function:
The original business office of this machine is to prepare a lee for yarn count bear witness
Description:
It is mostly made of steel amongst a reel. The circumference of the reel is 54 inch as well as stair out 120 yds of yarn so determines the yarn count.
Specification of Zeigle wrap block:
Function:
Use to stair out the hank or count of preparatory procedure such every bit sliver, roving.
Description:
It is mostly made of steel amongst a reel. The circumference of the reel is 36 inch as well as determines the length as well as weight past times balance. finally stair out the weight/unit length.
The THE DELTA SPINNING MILLS LIMITED is 1 of the 100% export oriented mills inwards Bangladesh. The testing laboratory of this manufactory to keep best character product. For this argue the modern machine is used inwards this laboratory. The full general managing director (Factory) who gave permission to larn inwards in the factory. Beside this the full general managing director (Laboratory) as well as Sr.Quality officeholder too assist to collect the necessary information nearly the testing mechanism inwards those spinning laboratory. This cognition volition live helpful inwards future.
Reflectance (Rd): This value expresses the whiteness of the low-cal that is reflected past times the cotton fiber fibers. It corresponds to the reflectance (Rd) represented inwards the Nickerson/hunter color chart. It is used inwards conjunction amongst yellowness (+b) to decide the instrument-measured color grade of cotton.
Yellowness (+b): This value expresses the yellowness of the low-cal that that is reflected past times the cotton fiber fibers. The yellowness (+b) of the sample is determined past times using a xanthous fiber. It correspond to the +b value represented inwards the Nickerson/Hunter color chart. The yellowness is used inwards conjunction amongst the reflectance (Rd) value to decide the instrument-measured color grade of the cotton.
Color Grade (C Grade): The color grade of a cotton fiber sample is determined inwards a 2 filter colorimeter. This objective method was developed past times Nickerson as well as Hunter inwards the early on 1940s to banking company check the USDA cotton fiber grade standards. Today, it is intended to completely supercede the subjective visual grade standards. Today, it is intended to completely supercede the subjected visual grade determined past times the cotton fiber classer.
Trash: Particle Count, % Surface Area Covered past times Trash, Trash Code
Measuring principle: Measured optically past times utilizing a digital camera, as well as converted to USDA trash grades or customized regional trash standards.
Trash Count (Tr cnt): Trash is measured on the same drinking glass window every bit the color measurement. The sample is illuminated shape underneath the drinking glass window, as well as a dark as well as white CCD photographic boob tube camera analyzes the changes inwards pixels. All particles that encompass the drinking glass window are counted 1 past times 1 as well as the results are expressed inwards trash particle counts per surface area.
Trash Area (Tr Area): The expanse that is covered past times a trash particle is measured at the same fourth dimension the particle is counted. The expanse that is covered past times unmarried particle is summed upward amongst all areas of the other particles counted on the surface drinking glass window. The upshot is expressed every bit “%Area”.
For example, a little release of trash counts tin terminate upshot inwards a high “%Area” value if the particles are large. On the country, a high release of particles counts amongst a little “%Area” value betoken the trash is smaller inwards size (i.e. pepper trash).
Trash Grade (Tr Grade): This is the trash or foliage grade that is determined past times calibrating the HVI SPECTRUM amongst known sample (i.e. trash standards). These samples are unremarkably numbered shape 1 to vii amongst increasing amount of trash every bit the release gets large. The standards used for calibration tin terminate live supplied past times the USDA or established past times the official cotton fiber standards way inwards whatsoever cotton fiber producing country.
Basic statistic: When analyzing bear witness upshot of the USTER(R) HVI SPECTRUM some basic statistic is important. The 3 price used most oftentimes inwards analyzing bear witness results are:
- Average or hateful value
- Standard difference
- Coefficient of variation or CV value
| Machine no | 02 |
| Machine Name | USTER(R) AFIS PRO |
| Brand Name | Zellweger |
| Origin | USA |
| Model | Pro |
 |
| Figure: USTER(R) AFIS PRO |
The business office of this machine is to stair out unlike information nearly cotton fiber as well as sliver
Description:
The USTER(R) AFIS PRO comes amongst unlike modules e.g. NC module, L & M module as well as T module.
The NC module measures the following:
- Neps count per gram – nep Cnt/g
- Nep size [micron] – nep size[µm]
- Seed coat nep count per gram – nep Cnt/g
- Seed coat nep Size [micron] – SCN [µm]
- Mean length past times weight – L(w)
- Length variation past times weight – L(w) CV%
- Upper Quartile length past times weight – UQL(w)
- Short fiber content past times weight – SFC(w)
- Mean length past times release – L(n)
- Length variation past times release – L(n) CV%
- 5%-Length past times release – L(n) 5%
- Short fiber content past times release – SFC(n)
- Fineness [militex] – FINE [mtex]
- Maturity ratio – MAT
- Immature fiber content [%] – IFC [%]
- Dust count per gram – Dust Cnt/g
- Dust size [micron] – Dust size[µm]
- Trast count per gram – Trast Cnt/g
- Trast size [micron] – Trast [µm]
- Visible Foreign affair [%] – VFM [%]
| Machine no | 03 |
| Machine Name | USTER® TESTER 5 |
| Company Name | USTER TECHNOLOGY AG |
| Origin | Switzerland |
| Model | S-400 |
 |
| Figure: USTER® TESTER five |
- Capacitive measure of majority variations as well as imperfections inwards yarn, roving as well as
- Capacitive measure of majority variations as well as imperfections inwards yarn, roving as well as sliver of staple fibers.
- Automatic banking company check of all measured values, diagrams as well as spectrograms.
- Yarn classification based on the USTER
- Measurement of unusual matters.
- Collection, evaluation as well as storage of measure values.
- QualiProfile, graphic presentation of the overall quality.
- Filter functions for quick information retrieval as well as for the grooming of long-term reports.
- Simulation of yarn boards, woven as well as knitted fabrics.
- Editor for customizing study layouts.
There are 3 types of sensors as well as piece of occupation separately
- Sensor-CS (It identifies the thick as well as sparse place, UV% etc.)
- Sensor-OH (It stair out hairiness)
Different bear witness specification:
Sliver test:
- Taken sample: l to 100 meter
- Speed: 25 m/min
- Time: 1 infinitesimal
- Use sensor: CS entirely
- Note: The bear witness upshot volition live accurate if the large sample is taken.
- Test speed: l to 100 m/min, 50 m/min maximum used
- Time: 1 infinitesimal
- Use sensor: CS as well as FM
Taken sample:
- Speed: 400 to K m/min, 400 m/min maximum used
- Time: 1 infinitesimal
- Use sensor: CS, OH as well as FM
- Specification of USTER TENSOJET-4:
- Machine name-single yarn strength tester
- Company- Zellweger uster tester
- Origin – Switzerland
- Function of the machine: The USTER TENSOJET-4 is used to stair out unmarried yarn strength
- Machine speed: 200 m/min (max 400 m/min)
- No of stock: 1-5, 00,000 but available used 200
- No of feeder: 24 bobbins
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| Figure : unmarried yarn strength tester (USTER TENSOJET-4) |
| Machine no | 05 |
| Machine Name | Yarn Strength Tester(Lea) |
| Brand Name | Zweigle |
| Origin | Germany |
| Model | L-427 |
 |
| Figure: Yarn Strength Tester (Lea) |
This machine is mainly used for measuring yarn strength.
Description:
First direct hold a lee from the wrap reel machine as well as clamped inwards this machine, so run the machine according to set program. The gap betwixt 2 clamp is increased as well as afterwards sometime breaks the lee. At which charge the lee is broke betoken inwards the display, it is shown into pound (lb).To notice out CSP the charge is multiplied amongst yarn count
Specification of Zeigle wrap reel:
| Machine no | 06 |
| Machine Name | Wrap reel |
| Brand Name | Zweigle |
| Origin | Germany |
| Model | L-232 |
 |
| Figure: Wrap reel |
The original business office of this machine is to prepare a lee for yarn count bear witness
Description:
It is mostly made of steel amongst a reel. The circumference of the reel is 54 inch as well as stair out 120 yds of yarn so determines the yarn count.
Specification of Zeigle wrap block:
| Machine no | 07 |
| Machine Name | Wrap block |
| Brand Name | Zweigle |
| Origin | Germany |
| Model | L-202 |
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| Figure: Wrap block |
Use to stair out the hank or count of preparatory procedure such every bit sliver, roving.
Description:
It is mostly made of steel amongst a reel. The circumference of the reel is 36 inch as well as determines the length as well as weight past times balance. finally stair out the weight/unit length.
- Length for sliver-6 yards
- Length for roving-30 yards
The THE DELTA SPINNING MILLS LIMITED is 1 of the 100% export oriented mills inwards Bangladesh. The testing laboratory of this manufactory to keep best character product. For this argue the modern machine is used inwards this laboratory. The full general managing director (Factory) who gave permission to larn inwards in the factory. Beside this the full general managing director (Laboratory) as well as Sr.Quality officeholder too assist to collect the necessary information nearly the testing mechanism inwards those spinning laboratory. This cognition volition live helpful inwards future.