DECORATIVE METHODS FOR FABRIC CONSTRUCTION
CROCHET - Crochet is a procedure of creating cloth past times interlocking loops of yarn, thread, or strands of other materials using a crochet hook. The advert is taken from the French give-and-take "crochet", pregnant pocket-size hook.
- These are made of materials such equally metal, wood, or plastic as well as are manufactured commercially as well as produced inwards artisan workshops. The salient departure betwixt crochet as well as knitting, is that each stitch inwards crochet is completed earlier proceeding alongside the side past times side one, piece knitting keeps a large publish of stitches opened upward at a time.
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| Fig: Crochet |
MATERIALS - Basic materials required for crochet are a claw as well as some type of stuff that volition live crocheted, close commonly yarn or thread.
- Additional tools are convenient for keeping stitches counted, measurement crocheted fabric, or making related accessories.
- Examples include cardboard cutouts, which tin live used to brand tassels, fringe, as well as many other items; a pom-pom circle, used to brand pom-poms; a record mensurate as well as a guess measure, both used for measurement crocheted locomote as well as counting stitches.
CROCHET HOOK - The crochet claw comes inwards many sizes as well as materials, such equally bone, bamboo, aluminium, plastic, as well as steel. Because sizing is categorized past times the diameter of the hook's shaft, a crafter aims to exercise stitches of a sure as shooting size inwards club to hit a item guess specified inwards a given pattern.
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| Fig: Aluminium claw |
YARN - Yarn for crochet is unremarkably sold equally balls or skeins (hanks), although it may also live injure on spools or cones.
- The thickness or weight of the yarn is a important gene inwards determining the gauge, i.e., how many stitches & rows are required to comprehend a given expanse for a stitch pattern.
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| Fig: Yarn for crochet |
- Thicker yarns require large-diameter crochet hooks, whereas thinner yarns may live crocheted alongside thick or sparse hooks.
MACRAME - Macrame uses the techniques of looping as well as knotting yarns. The decorative qualities of macrame are determined past times the pick as well as exercise of a diversity of ornamental knots. Macrame is a cast of textile making using knotting rather than weaving or knitting. In macrame the closed or knotted areas are emphasized.
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| Fig: Macrame |
MATERIALS - Materials used inwards macrame include cords made of cotton fiber twine, linen, hemp, jute, leather or yarn. Cords are identified past times construction, such equally 3-ply cord, made of 3 lengths of fibre twisted together.
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| Fig: Cotton as well as Hemp |
NETTING - Netting is an open-mesh cast of cloth structure that is held together past times knots or fused thermoplastic yarns at each betoken where the yarns cross 1 another. There are several types of mesh; they are square, hexagonal, as well as octagonal. They hit of mesh sizes are from coarse as well as opened upward to fine as well as shear. Netting may live made of whatever form of fibre as well as may live given a soft or strong sizing.
TYPES OF NETTING - Hand-made netting: hand made or machine-made cyberspace is used equally the foundation cloth for many kinds of needlework. Most commonly marriage ceremony as well as prom dresses. It is also used for many costumes including fairy outfits.
- Knotless netting: Weaving patterns, opposed to knitting patterns, are to a greater extent than frequently used for knotless netting. Each strand when used for knotless netting weave tin sometimes live coated earlier beingness woven to ensure to a greater extent than durability.
BRAIDING - Braiding is a unproblematic cast of narrow cloth construction. This began equally a handicraft for the structure of decorative fabrics. Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 braid is a rope similar thing, which is made past times interweaving 3 or to a greater extent than strands, strips, or lengths, inwards a diagonally crisscrossing overlapping pattern.
- Braid for cloth exercise is formed on a braiding machine past times interlacing 3 or to a greater extent than strands of yarn thence that each strand passes over as well as nether 1 or to a greater extent than of the others.
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| Fig: Braiding formation |
TYPES OF BRAIDING Primarily at that topographic point are 2 kinds of braids. - Flat braiding‐mechanism: Flat braids are made inwards the cast of apartment strips or narrow apartment tapes.
- Circular braiding‐mechanism: Circular (tubular or round) braids are formed hollow or some a centre gist of some material. They are used for diverse industrial applications.
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| Fig: Circular braiding‐mechanism |
LACES Laces are made alongside a needle to cast a loop each 1 of which is finished alongside a fine stitch. The techniques of lace making involve Looping, knotting, braiding, twisting or striching thread inwards to decorative opened upward locomote pattern.  |
| Fig: Lace making |
PARTS OF LACES - Bride-It is the fine yarn that forms the mesh which provides the sheer the world betwixt the prominent parts of the pattern.
- Cordon Net –It is the heavy yarn that outlines the pattern.
- Picot-It is a decorative loop used both inwards the blueprint as well as border of the lace.
- Toile –It stand upward for the predominant exercise of the blueprint made past times braiding, knotting, looping or twisting the yarn.
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| Fig: Various parts of lace |
TYPES OF LACE: - Needle lace- It is made past times using a needle as well as thread. This is the close flexible of the lace-making arts.
- Cutwork- It is lace constructed past times removing threads from a woven background, as well as the remaining threads wrapped or filled alongside embroidery.
- Bobbin lace- It is made alongside bobbins as well as a pillow. The pillow contains straw, preferably oat straw or other materials such equally sawdust, insulation styrofoam, or ethafoam. Also known equally Bone-lace. Chantilly lace is a type of bobbin lace.
- Knotted lace- Tatted lace is made alongside a shuttle or a tatting needle.
- Knitted lace- It includes Shetland lace, such equally the "wedding telephone shawl", a lace shawl thence fine that it tin live pulled through a marriage ceremony ring.
EMBROIDERY One of the close of import chemical component inwards fashion is Embroidery. To brand the materials beautiful embroidery is added. TYPES OF EMBROIDERY - Free embroidery
- Surface embroidery
- Counted thread embroidery
- Kinari embroidery
- Gota embroidery
- Phulkari embroidery
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| Fig: Different type of embroidery |
QUILTING Quilting is a sewing done either past times hand, past times sewing machine. The procedure of quilting uses a needle as well as thread to bring together 2 or to a greater extent than layers of stuff together to brand a quilt. Typical quilting is done alongside 3 layers: - The tiptop cloth or quilt tiptop
- Batting or insulating stuff
- Backing stuff
The quilter’s mitt or sewing machine passes the needle as well as thread through all layers as well as and thence brings the needle dorsum up. Quilting is done on bed spreads, fine art quilt wall hangings, wearable as well as a diversity of textile products.  |
| Fig: Quilting |
TYPES OF QUILTING A. Pieced QuiltThere are thence many types of quilts; 1 of the close basic is a "pieced quilt". The simplest Definition of a pieced quilt is whatever quilt made upward of unlike fabrics sewn together. Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 pieced quilt is also commonly referred to equally a Patchwork Quilt – due to the patchwork similar consequence the unlike fabrics give the quilt.  |
| Fig: Pieced quilt |
It tin live whatever type of block as well as virtually whatever structure technique: Half Square Triangles, Tumblers, Strips. B. Appliquéd Quilts Appliqué is the procedure of placing shapes onto a background as well as and thence sewing them to the background alongside 1 of a diverse publish of mitt or machine techniques. The quilts tin live anything from a Bed Quilt to a tabular array runner. It gives full liberty of creating whatever type of shape past times only drawing it.  |
| Fig: Appliquéd Quilts |
C. Paper Piecing Paper Piecing, also known equally Foundation Piecing. Paper Piecing is a quilting technique inwards which a concluding production is achieved past times stitching cloth onto a newspaper foundation. The newspaper patterns receive got lines as well as unremarkably numbers to follow that guides the structure of the block or quilt from showtime to end, making it a lilliputian fleck similar color-by-number.  |
| Fig: Paper Piecing |