Yaa Natural Dyeing Of Cotton Fiber Cloth Using Terminalia Chebula Together With Turmeric Part-1
Monday 17 December 2018
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NATURAL DYEING OF COTTON FABRIC USING TERMINALIA CHEBULA (KADUKKAI) AND TURMERIC (CURCUMA LONGA) PART-1
Rajan.S1
Textile Chemistry, SSM College of Engineering,
Komarapalayam, Namakkal, India.
Textile Chemistry, SSM College of Engineering,
Komarapalayam, Namakkal, India.
ABSTRACT
An innovative approach was made to utilize the eco-friendly dyeing using renewable sources such equally KADUKKAI together with TURMERIC to create herbal medicated textile stuff which are gratis from chemicals, detergent together with pollution. In this projection eco-friendly Garments, inner wears, Child clothing’s& habitation Furnishing materials were developed past times dyeing cotton fiber fabric amongst herbs similar TERMINALIA CHEBULA (KADUKKAI) together with TURMERIC (CURCUMA LONGA). These herbs are extensively used to heal chromic fever, peel together with optic diseases, allergies, Asthma, rheumatic, torso ache, diabetes, peel infections together with allergies. In contact amongst clothing, the peel absorbs the medicinal qualities of the herbs. Compared to the synthetic dyed cotton fiber fabric, the inwards a higher house dyed fabrics showed fantabulous results inwards terms of fastness properties. Herbal Textile is finished alone amongst herbal extractions, without using whatever chemicals. These herbs are applied direct to the textile amongst the help of natural ingredients, together with so that the medicinal value of the herbs tin live kept intact. No chemic procedure is adopted spell finishing process. Herbal treated cloth has the might to protect us from diverse peel diseases, provides relief from viral infected illness together with mental depressions since the herbal finished clothes or garments come upwardly inwards prolonged contact amongst the human body. The medical properties of herbs are known to crusade no impairment to the human body.
Keywords: Dyeing, Cotton Fabric, Terminalia Chebula, Turmeric, Fastness.
INTRODUCTION
Textile materials (Natural or Synthetic) used to live color for value addition, await together with wish of the customers. Anciently, this move of colouring textile was initiated using colours of natural source, until synthetic colours/dyes were invented together with commercialized. For ready availability of pure synthetic dyes of dissimilar types/classes together with its cost advantages, most of textile dyers/ manufacturers shifted towards utilisation of synthetic colorant. Almost all the synthetic colorants existence synthesized from petrochemical sources through hazardous chemic processes pose threat towards its eco-friendliness. Hence, worldwide, growing consciousness nearly organic value of eco-friendly products has generated renewed involvement of consumers towards utilisation of textiles (preferably natural fibre product) dyed amongst eco-friendly natural dyes. Natural dyes are known for their utilisation inwards colouring of nutrient substrate, leather equally good equally natural fibres similar wool, silk together with cotton fiber equally major areas of application since pre-historic times. Although this ancient fine art of dyeing textiles amongst natural dyes withstood the ravages of time, but due to the broad availability of synthetic dyes at an economical price, a rapid turn down inwards natural dyeing continued. Thus, natural dyeing of dissimilar textiles together with leathers has been continued mainly inwards the decentralized sector for specialty products along amongst the utilisation of synthetic dyes inwards the large scale sector for full general textiles/apparels owing to the specific advantages together with limitations of both natural dyes together with synthetic dyes. The utilisation of non-allergic, non-toxic together with ecofriendly natural dyes on textiles has move a affair of meaning importance due to the increased environmental awareness inwards guild to avoid unopen to hazardous synthetic dyes. However, worldwide the utilisation of natural dyes for the coloration of textiles has mainly been confined to artisan / craftsman,small scale/cottage degree dyers together with printers equally good equally to little scale exporters together with producers dealing amongst high-valued ecofriendly textile production together with sales. Recently, a disclose of commercial dyers together with little textile export houses convey started looking at the possibilities of using natural dyes for regular footing dyeing together with printing of textiles to overcome environmental pollution caused past times the synthetic dyes. Natural dyes create really uncommon, soothing together with soft shades equally compared to synthetic dyes. On the other hand, synthetic dyes are widely available at an economical toll together with create a broad multifariousness of colors; these dyes withal create peel allergy, toxic wastes together with other harmfulness to human body.
GENERAL REVIEW ON SYNTHETIC DYES
A dye tin by together with large live described equally a color meat that has an affinity to the substrate to which it is existence applied together with is used to impart color to materials of which it becomes an integral part. Dyes are widely used inwards industries such equally textiles, rubber, plastics, printing, leather, cosmetics, etc.to color their products. As a result, they generate a considerable amount of coloured wastewater. There are to a greater extent than than 10,000 commercially available dyes amongst over seven x 105 tons of dyestuff produced annually. It is estimated that 2 % of dyes produced annually is discharged inwards effluents from associated industries. Among diverse industries, textile manufacture ranks get-go inwards usage of dyes for coloration of fibre. The full dye consumption of the textile manufacture worldwide is inwards excess of 107 kg/year together with an estimated ninety % of this ends upwardly on fabrics. Consequently, 1,000 tones/year or to a greater extent than of dyes are discharged into waste materials streams past times the textile manufacture worldwide (March 1996).Many types of dye are used inwards textile industries such equally direct, reactive, acid together with basic dyes, sulphur, metallic complex dyes. The principal source of waste materials H2O generated past times the textile manufacture originates from the washing together with bleaching of textile materials and, from the dyeing together with finishing stages. Dyes be inwards 2 forms i is True color together with the other is apparent colour. Apparent color tin live removed really easily where equally True color is really hard to treat. Since Organic content reduces the Dissolved Oxygen content inwards the H2O together with becomes a threat to the Aquatic life together with dyes used inwards textile industries are really carcinogenic, mutagenic together with toxic inwards nature leads to the chronic effects towards human beings.  |
| Synthetic dye |
Numerous studies convey been conducted to assess the harm impacts of colorants on the ecosystem. It was institute that colorants may crusade problems inwards H2O inwards several ways:
- Dyes tin convey shrewd and/or chronic effects on exposed organisms amongst this depending on the dye concentration together with on the exposure time;
- Dyes are inherently highly visible, shaver liberate of effluent may crusade abnormal coloration of surface waters which captures the attending of both Blue Planet together with the authorities.
- The might of dyes to absorb/reflect sunlight entering the water, this has drastic effects on the growth of bacteria together with upsets their biological activity;
- Dyes convey many dissimilar together with complicated molecular structures together with therefore, are hard to care for together with interfere amongst municipal waste materials handling operations.
- Dyes inwards wastewater undergo chemic together with biological changes, eat dissolved oxygen from the current together with destroy aquatic life.
- Dyes convey a style to sequester metallic ions producing micro toxicity to fish together with other organisms.
The depression degree of fixation tin live a major work when dyeing amongst synthetic dyes when less than 70% of the dye reacts amongst the fibre. This results inwards unfixed dye existence discharged into the dye describe of piece of work solid effluent. This problem, coupled amongst high common salt concentrations used when dyeing amongst synthetic dyes, causes a meaning environmental problem.
POLLUTION PROBLEMS IN TEXTILE INDUSTRY
COLOUR
Presence of color inwards the waste materials H2O is i of the principal problems inwards textile industry. Colours are easily visible to human eyes fifty-fifty at really depression concentration. Hence, color from textile wastes carries meaning aesthetic importance. Most of the dyes are stable together with has no outcome of calorie-free or oxidizing agents. They are also non easily degradable past times the conventional handling methods. Removal of dyes from the effluent is major work inwards most of textile industries.
DISSOLVED SOLIDS
Dissolved solids contained inwards the manufacture effluents are also a critical parameter. Use of mutual common salt together with Glauber common salt etc. inwards processes direct increment full dissolved solids (TDS) degree inwards the effluent. TDS are hard to live treated amongst conventional handling systems. Disposal of high TDS bearing effluents tin atomic number 82 to increment inwards TDS of dry reason H2O together with surface water. Dissolved solids inwards effluent may also live harmful to vegetation together with restrain its utilisation for agricultural purpose.
TOXIC METALS
Waste H2O of textiles is non gratis from metallic contents. There are mainly 2 sources of metals. Firstly, the metals may come upwardly equally impurity amongst the chemicals used during processing such equally caustic soda, sodium carbonate together with salts. For instance, caustic soda may incorporate mercury if produced using mercury prison theatre cellphone processes. Secondly, the source of metallic could live dye stuffs similar metalized mordant dyes. The metallic complex dyes are mostly based on chromium.
RESIDUAL CHLORINE
The utilisation of chlorine compounds inwards textile processing, remainder chlorine is institute inwards the waste materials stream. The waste materials H2O (if disposed without treatment) depletes dissolved oxygen inwards the receiving H2O torso together with equally such aquatic life gets affected. Residual chlorine may also react amongst other compounds inwards the waste materials H2O current to cast toxic substances.
OTHERS
Textile effluents are oftentimes contaminated amongst non-biodegradable organics termed equally refractory materials. Detergents are typical illustration of such materials. The presence of these chemicals results inwards high chemic oxygen need (COD) value of the effluent. Organic pollutants, which originate from organic compounds of dye stuffs, acids, sizing materials, enzymes, tallow etc. are also institute inwards textile effluent, such impurities are reflected inwards the analysis of bio-chemical oxygen need (BOD) together with COD. These pollutants are controlled past times utilisation of biological handling processes. In many textile units, peculiarly engaged inwards synthetic processing, depression BOD/COD ratio of effluent is observed which makes fifty-fifty biological handling non a ready proposition. The waste materials H2O of cotton fiber based textile unit of measurement is commonly alkaline, whereas synthetic together with woollen textile processing generates acidic effluent.