Yaa Fabric Manufacture Of Pakistan - An Overview
Monday 17 December 2018
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Textile Industry of Islamic Republic of Pakistan - An Overview
Munawar Shah
Dept. of Textile, MUET, Islamic Republic of Pakistan
Email: munawar1413te100@outlook.com
Dept. of Textile, MUET, Islamic Republic of Pakistan
Email: munawar1413te100@outlook.com
TEXTILE INDUSTRY OF PAKISTAN
Textile is a term that comes from “texture” which is a Latin discussion that agency “to weave”. Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 cloth is manufactured past times weaving or knitting forms a fabric.
The textile industry is oft considered a backbone of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan’s economy. Pakistan’s textile Industry is the 4th Largest Cotton Producer, 6th largest importer of raw cotton fiber in addition to the tertiary largest Consumer.
INTRODUCTION
The textile manufacture contributes simply about 46percent to the total output or 8.5 per centum of the province GDP. In Asia, Islamic Republic of Pakistan is the 8th largest exporter of textile products providing occupation to 38percent of the employer of the country.
OVERVIEW
Pakistan’s textile industry ranks amongest the superlative inwards the world.Cotton based textiles contribute over 60% to the total exports, accounts for 46% of the total manufacturing in addition to provide occupation to
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| Pakistan’s textile industry |
HISTORY OF TEXTILE INDUSTRIES
1950:
In 1950 Textile manufacture was started inwards our country. PIDC came into beingness which had the main objective of industrializing the province inwards major fields.The modern evolution of the sector started inwards 1953 with the inauguration of the Valika textile Mill at Karachi.
1960:
In mid-sixties at that topographic point were nearly 180units of textiles bleaching, printing in addition to processing units, to a greater extent than oft than non situated inwards Karachi in addition to Punjab. New individual investment began with a highly protected abode market. Newly established mills were based upon imported technologies but at that topographic point was a lack of technical staff in addition to shortages of capital.
1970:
In 1970-71 at that topographic point was 113 textile units in addition to the manufacture had 2,605 chiliad spindles in addition to thirty chiliad looms.After the separation of East Islamic Republic of Pakistan Cotton Export Corporation of Islamic Republic of Pakistan was established which meant that most of the individual sector travel was taken over past times the state. The textile manufacture suffered heavy losses because the export of cotton fiber was controlled past times the CEC.
1980
There was a rapid growth inwards spinning sector till 1980-81 spinning continued to expand. The eighties brought a relief to the textile manufacture due to the nail inwards international marketplace position in addition to manufacture friendly policies of the government.1980.
1990-98:
World demand for goodness quality, broad width fabrics grew in addition to replacement in addition to a modernization procedure started. Machinery for producing garments in addition to made-ups was also freed from import duty. As a result, a huge expansion inwards the spinning sector took house inwards the firstly 5 years of the 1990s.The number of units rose to 440 in1996-97
1999-2008:
In Textile exports portion total export of Islamic Republic of Pakistan has declined from 67% inwards 1997to 55% inwards 2008, equally exports of other textile sectors grew Textile exports inwards 1999 were $5.2billion in addition to rose to dice $10.5billion past times 2007.
2009:
Textile manufacture is beingness hitting difficult due to ongoing release energy crisis, depriving the gas render to the textile units for 3 daysa week. Pakistan’s cotton fiber tillage has declined alsodue to several factors ranging from tillage of traditional varieties in addition to via traditional methods, pitiful marketing, in addition to failure inwards making timely payments to cotton fiber producers.
2010:
Significant changes to the full general sales taxation (GST) on industrial sector including textiles. (APTMA) had prepared a based study for the federal authorities inwards which it has been projected that the textile manufacture exports would cross over $16 billion compared to its introduce grade of about $8 billion.
2011:
Textile exports stood at $12.5 billion from July 2010 to May 2011.Energy crisis leaves Islamic Republic of Pakistan textiles inwards job
2012:
Pakistan’s $13.8 billion textile industries struggling to last a critical shortage of release energy to run its plants.10 per centum of the spinning mills in addition to stuff printing units receive got closed down, one-half of the remaining plants are struggling to survive, thousands of textile workers were unemployed, burned tires, in addition to shouted slogans against the government.
2013:
Textile millers in addition to workers were inwards protestation
2014:
New authorities has done a major achievement which may pick out revolution inwards textile sector
PERFORMANCE CHART:
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| Performance chart |
Pakistan’s economic scheme relies heavily on its cotton fiber in addition to textile sectors. The cotton-processing in addition to textile industries brand upward almost one-half of the country’s manufacturing base, spell cotton fiber is Pakistan’s principal industrial crop, supplying critical income to rural households. Altogether, the cotton-textile sectors describe of piece of work concern human relationship for eleven per centum of gross domestic product in addition to sixty per centum of export receipts.
TEXTILE SECTOR’S CONTRIBUTION TO THE ECONOMY OF PAKISTAN:
According to the economical survey of Pakistan2008-09 the Islamic Republic of Pakistan textile manufacture contributes to a greater extent than than 60% to the province total exports, which amounts to about 5.2billion the States dollars.• According to the 2012 Economic Survey of Pakistan, issued past times the finance ministry, the textile manufacture itself constituted nearly 4% of the total size of the economy. TOP BUYERS OF PAKISTANI TEXTILE GOODS:
They are USA, UK, Hong Kong, Japan, Korea, Saudi Arabia, Italy, Turkey, Germany, Norway, France, Canada, Sweden, Australia, etc.
IMPORTANCE OF TEXTILE SECTOR:
In Asia, Islamic Republic of Pakistan is the 8th largest exporter of textile products. Cotton is the basic Cash crop of Pakistan.• Textile products are i of the essential in addition to basic human requirement adjacent to food.• Islamic Republic of Pakistan is the 3rd largest exporter of raw cotton fiber
Cheap labor in addition to raw cotton fiber are available. It provides occupation to 38% of the travel strength inwards the province which amounts to a figure of 15million. However, the proportion of skilled labors really less equally compared to that of unskilledlabor. Islamic Republic of Pakistan is the 2d largest supplier of cotton fiber yarn with 26%share of the international market.
SECTORS OF TEXTILE INDUSTRY:
- Spinning
- Weaving
- Processing
- Printing
- Garment manufacturing
- Filament yarn manufacturing
Cotton is an economical property of Pakistan, it is a natural fiber used primarily equally a raw stuff inwards textile industry. The World cotton fiber production is estimated at118.8 1000000 bales inwards 2007-2008.
COTTON:
Leading producers of cotton fiber include USA,China, India, Pakistan, Uzbekistan in addition to turkey. Both Punjab in addition to Sindh are the major cotton fiber growing provinces, whereas KPK is non known for growing cotton fiber production.
FIBER:
Cotton was primarily used equally a raw stuff inwards yarn manufacturing but the growing demand for blended yarn in addition to fabrics has shifted the raw stuff origin towards the manmade or synthetic fiber inwards Pakistan. Islamic Republic of Pakistan usage is currently at 74% cotton fiber and26% manmade fiber, whereas the solid soil fiber mix is 45% cotton fiber in addition to 55% non-made fiber.
SPINNING:
Spinning is the procedure of converting fibers into yarn. The fibers possibly natural fibers such equally cotton fiber orman-made fibers such equally polyester.Sometimes , the terms spinning is also used for production of manmade yarn (that is non made for fibers). What in addition to then ever is the instance the concluding production of spinning is yarn. It consists of:
- Blowing in addition to mixing
- Carding
- Combining
- Drawing
- Simplex
- Ring Spinning
- Cone Winding
Weaving sector is i of the most of import textile sub sector. The exports of woolen fabrics in addition to other related woolen made-ups from a major portion of textile exports from Pakistan. Weaving is a procedure which turns yarns into cloth. The machine used for weaving is the loom. It comprises of Wrapping, Sizing in addition to Weaving
COTTON GINNING SECTOR:
Leading producers of cotton fiber includes USA, china, India, Pakistan, Uzbekistan in addition to Turkey. The electrical current marketplace position portion of cotton fiber inwards 56 per centum inwards all fibers. Textile fibers are divided into 3 basic types according to their sources such equally cotton fiber fiber, manmade fiber in addition to wool.
There are 1221 ginning factories inwards the country. Ginning manufacture has installed capacity of to a greater extent than than i 1000000 bales on a unmarried shift solid soil in addition to total capacity of about 20million bales on 3 shift bases.
COTTON SPINNING SECTOR:
Pakistan has the tertiary largest spinning capacity inwards Asia with a spinning capacity of 5% of the total solid soil in addition to 7.6% of the capacity inwards Asia. Islamic Republic of Pakistan growth charge per unit of measurement inwards this sector has been 6.2%per annum.• At present, cotton-spinning sector is comprised of421 textile units (50 composite units in addition to 471spinning units) with 10.1 1000000 spindles in addition to 114thousand rotors inwards performance with capacity utilization of 89 per centum in addition to sixty per centum respectively, during July-Mar 2007-08
WEAVING & MADE-UP SECTOR:
There are 3 unlike sub-sectors inwards weaving, Integrated, independent Weaving Units, in addition to Power Loom Units. This sector is producing comparatively depression value added Grey Cloth of to a greater extent than oft than non inferior quality. However, the performance of cloth sector remained far ameliorate than lastly twelvemonth in addition to charted a growth of 12.6 % during July – March 2007-08.
Textile Value Chain Process:
Cotton value chain starts from Ginning that adds value to it past times separating cotton fiber from seed in addition to impurities but Spinning tin rightly live called equally the firstly procedure of the chain that adds value to cotton fiber past times converting into a novel production i.e. conversion from ginned cotton fiber into cotton fiber yarn. Since spinning is inwards the firstly of value chain, in addition to then all the afterward value added processes of weaving, knitting, processing, garments in addition to made-ups manufacturing are subject upon it.
If spinning manufacture produces sub-standard yarn, its number goes correct across the entire value chain. The spinning sector forms the take in of the textile industry. This sector produces yarn for downstream sectors, namely weaving, processing in addition to knitting. Islamic Republic of Pakistan is the tertiary largest musician inwards Asia with spinning capacity of 5% of the total solid soil in addition to 7.6% of the capacity inwards Asia. Pakistan’s growth charge per unit of measurement has been 6.2% per annum in addition to at that topographic point is only Islamic Republic of Iran with the major players.
TEXTILE NEWS:
Textile manufacture of Islamic Republic of Pakistan worst hitting past times powercuts. The release energy crisis has forced the textile mills to closed their units, peculiarly inwards Punjab the manufacture is nether severe pressure. ChairmanAPTMA Punjab said ”daily electricity charge shedding has increased to 12hours. The Islamic Republic of Pakistan textile manufacture contributes to a greater extent than than sixty per centum (US $ 9.6 billion) to the country’s total exports. However, currently this manufacture is facing non bad reject inwards its growth rate. The major reasons for this reject tin live the global recession, internal safety concerns, the high cost of production due to increment inwards the release energy costs etc.”
A spokesman for the All Islamic Republic of Pakistan Textile Mills Association (APTMA) claimed that sixty to70 per cent of the manufacture had been affected in addition to was unable to pick out export orders coming inwards from about the globe, equally a outcome of gas charge shedding ‘’
PROBLEMS FACED BY TEXTILE INDUSTRY:
- Lack of Research in addition to Development inwards Cotton Sector
- Lack of Modernize equipment
- Finance nib to burden manufacture farther
- Increasing cost of production
- Internal issues pose a Larger Threat for Pakistan’s Textile Industry
- Effect of inflation
- Energy crisis
- Electricity crisis
- Gas shortage
- Tight monetarypolicy
- Removal of subsidy on textile sector
- Lack of novel investment
- Raw stuff prices
- Export performance of textile sector
All Islamic Republic of Pakistan Textile Mills Association (APTMA) is the principal organization that determines the rules in addition to regulations inwards the Islamic Republic of Pakistan textile industry. APTMA is the premier national merchandise association of the textile spinning, weaving in addition to composite mills. APTMA represents 391 textile mills out of which309 are spinning, 45 weaving in addition to 37 composite units
HUMAN RESOURCE:
The textile sector employs 45% of overall labor force, with 38% of the manufacturing Workers employed nether textile sector. Islamic Republic of Pakistan has the payoff of cheaper labor equally compared to its competitors, but unfortunately thelabor productivity is really low. There are hardly whatever preparation programs to develop the skills of labor hence, the craftsmen solely depend upon their inherited skills with no advancement in addition to movement towards technical knowledge.
CLIMATIC CONDITION:
Although Islamic Republic of Pakistan has the ideal climatic weather condition for the growth of cotton fiber providing a constituent payoff to the textile industry, but it is also quite vulnerable to pesticides that tin lower the yield per hector.ØThe textile sector is largely subject on the render of raw stuff of the agricultural sector in addition to thus whatever happens to the agricultural sector similar floods volition adversely touching on the textile manufacture rendering it fifty-fifty to a greater extent than vulnerable to environmental conditions.
TRAINING:
Limited availability of trained technical staff to hold in addition to run mechanism at total efficiency is a constraint upon the developmentof Pakistan’s textile industry. This shortfall is partly due to a lack of technical teaching facilities. Some of the developments inwards the textile manufacture include: Advances inwards band spinning, computerized dyeing in addition to finishing, computer-aided designing , manufacturing in addition to developing retailing links hence, all these demand novel in addition to greater skills in addition to Islamic Republic of Pakistan lacks it.
EDUCATION:
Education is essential for the evolution of the textile industry. Even if the basic factors are present, unless value-addition is non done on them, they volition non live productive enough. Even if at that topographic point is non plenty production a province could nevertheless deal through inquiry in addition to development. Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 recent survey shows technical manpower requirement is 12,750 graduates whereas total number of technical personnel available upward to 2003 was approx.7, 950, in addition to then at that topographic point is a shortage of 4,800 graduates inwards textile science.
ADVANTAGE:
The payoff of inexpensive labor equally compared to its competitors, but unfortunatelythe labor productivity is really low.
DISADVANTAGE:
There are hardly whatever preparation programs to develop on the skills of these labors in addition to the craftsmen depend upon their inherited skills with no advancement.
STRENGTHS:
- Self-reliance
- Manufacturing flexibility
- Abundance of raw stuff production
- Design expertise
- Availability of inexpensive labor
- Growing economic scheme in addition to domestic marketplace position
- Progressive reforms
- Highly fragmented sector
- High dependence on cotton fiber
- Lower productivity
- Declining manufactory segment
- Technological obsolescence
- Non‐participants inwards merchandise understanding
Developed countries are using the engineering of biotechnology in addition to genetic engineering scientific discipline to increment the lineament in addition to quantity of their cotton fiber production. In Pakistan, at that topographic point is really some inquiry done on minor scale past times individual companies. Practically no efforts are beingness made past times the APTMA inwards theR&D of the textile manufacture to lift the lineament of its products.
- Highly fragmented sector
- High dependence on cotton fiber
- Lower productivity
- Declining manufactory segment
- Technological obsolescence
- Non‐participants inwards merchandise agreements
- Poor lineament standards
THREATS:
1. New competitors
Pakistan are facing novel competitors inwards textile sector such equally Bangladesh, Vietnam in addition to Turkey. Though nosotros cannot avoid contest but nosotros tin e'er remain ahead of them past times reforming our strategies in addition to educating our entrepreneurs in addition to then equally to displace i stride forrad inwards every aspect.
2. Phasing out of quota system
As the quota scheme is ruled out past times WTO, at that topographic point is a threat past times the Chinese in addition to Indian manufacturer to gain most of the marketplace position share. We receive got high costs, depression labor productivity in addition to inefficient production processes.
3. Fashion life wheel
Fashion changes twenty-four hr menstruum past times twenty-four hr menstruum these days. Media has in addition to then much penetrated inwards our daily lives that nosotros easily suit ourselves equally it wants us to. This has resulted inwards shortening the fashion lifecycle thus increasing the fashion risk. Now the buyer does non desire to hold off long for his consignment because he is insecure that past times the fourth dimension it volition hit to him he volition lost its demand due to alter inwards fashion. Therefore, they prefer to purchase from neighboring countries fifty-fifty at higher cost to learn their products at i time rather than to hold off weeks or months for their consignments to hit them.
Stiff contest from developing countries peculiarly Red People's Republic of China in addition to India, Pricing pressure, Locational disadvantage, International labor in addition to environmental laws.
ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
Textile manufacture is associated with some environmental issues some of them are:
- Large volumes of H2O
- Usage of complex chemicals
- Discharge of untreated effluent
- Water Pollution,
- Air Pollution.
- Labors concern.
- Remedy though Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)
- Image Building of Islamic Republic of Pakistan to attract Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)
- Focus on Value Addition
- Technology Up-gradation & Capacity Building
- Human Resources Development
- Subsidy Removal should live taken a dorsum
- Interest Rate should live Low inwards guild to last
- Electricity & Gas Tariff
- Removal of Energy Crisis
- Exploration of novel Export Markets
- Reducing the cost of doing Business inwards Islamic Republic of Pakistan
- Needs for Improving Textile Production
- Improvement inwards productivity
- Awareness of International Quality Standards
- Introducing concept of on the job-training
- Introducing efficient management techniques
Textile manufacture is the backbone of the Pakistan’s economy. The textile manufacture of Islamic Republic of Pakistan plays an of import purpose inwards earning unusual exchange, providing occupation to the country. Pakistan’s textile manufacture is going through i of the toughest periods inwards decades. Our textile sector needs to capitalize on the novel emerging opportunities past times adhering to global best practices, adapting chop-chop changing technologies, ameliorate render chain management spell trying to hit global value chains.