Yaa Surgical Operation Analysis Of Denim Garments Past Times Bleach Launder (Part-9)
Monday 17 December 2018
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Performance Analysis of Denim Garments past times Bleach Wash (Part-9)
Authors: Md. Anwarul Haque1
Ariful Hassan2
Shantonu Paul Shuvra Md. ShagorHossain
Textile Engineering College, Begumgonj, Noakhali.
Email: haquebd2014@gmail.com1 , arifulhassan034@gmail.com2
Ariful Hassan2
Shantonu Paul Shuvra Md. ShagorHossain
Textile Engineering College, Begumgonj, Noakhali.
Email: haquebd2014@gmail.com1 , arifulhassan034@gmail.com2
Previous Part
Result in addition to word
Effect of washing on experience of fabric:
The manus feeling of the stuff improves a lot after performing the washing in addition to this improvement has been flora inwards each successive stages of processing. After desizing procedure the manus experience expire soft than the earlier stage, but the stuff has expire to a greater extent than soft after the bleaching process. After softening the stuff exhibited the soft exam manus feel.
Effect of bleach launder in addition to softening on stuff specification:
It is clear from Table that the desizing, bleaching a softening imparts pregnant modify inwards the stuff properties. It has been flora that, during these specific processing, the value of stuff surface density has been decreased. The Ends per Inch (EPI) in addition to Picks per Inch (PPI) increased inwards a lower degree. The Shrinkage holding has been flora decreases, nearly significantly inwards warp way. Cotton fabrics are to a greater extent than oft than non subjected to a considerable tension during weaving especially inwards the warp direction. This stretch was increased inwards subsequent finishing processes similar calendaring in addition to thence the stretch temporarily educate inwards the fabric. The stuff is so inwards a province of dimensional instability. BLEACHING STAGES | EPI | PPI | Warp count Ne | Weft count Ne | Shrinkage (%) | |
Before washing | 79 | 55 | 10 | 11 | - | |
After washing | Sample01 | 77 | 50 | 9 | 10 | L=5.5 W=0.5 |
Sample02 | 76 | 53 | 9 | 10 | L=6.0 W=1.0 | |
Sample03 | 75 | 51 | 9 | 10 | L=6.0 W=1.0 | |
When the bleach washing has been performed, the thorough wetting of the denim tends to convey the stuff dorsum to its to a greater extent than stable dimensions which final result inwards the contraction of the yarns. This consequence is to a greater extent than oft than non greater inwards the warp management compared to the weft. This is known every bit relaxation shrinkage. EPI (Ends per Inch) in addition to PPI (Picks per Inch) was increased than untreated denim garments due to this relaxation shrinkage.
Effect of bleach launder on stuff GSM:
Discussion:
It tin also live observed seen from Table that, handling of the denim garments amongst hypochlorite bleach at 5g/l concentration drive pregnant decreased the GSM (fabric weight) of the garments, whereas weight loss (GSM decreased) results accept previously been obtained amongst at in 1 lawsuit in addition to reactive dyed cotton fiber stuff substrate. During weaving cotton fiber fabrics were subjected to considerable tensions, especially inwards the warp direction. In subsequent finishing processes such every bit calendaring this stretch was increased in addition to temporarily educate inwards the fabric. The stuff is so inwards a province of dimensional instability. Subsequently when the denim garment was thoroughly wetted inwards bleach washing, it tended to revert its to a greater extent than stable dimensions which results inwards the contraction of the yarns. This consequence is unremarkably greater inwards the warp management than inwards the weft direction. This is known every bit relaxation shrinkage. Due to relaxation shrinkage, PPI (picks per inch) was increased than untreated denim garments, every bit a final result stuff weight loss is slightly minimized in addition to 10g/l concentration is optimum final result for bleach washing. Although decomposition occurred inwards hypochlorite bleach washing, at the same fourth dimension relaxation shrinkage happened, in addition to the GSM /fabric weight loss of denim garments were minimized slightly. This was observed that 10g/l concentration exhibits the minimum decrease inwards the stuff weight every bit compared amongst the other concentrations. Thus, 10g/l bleach launder is optimal in addition to this concentration of bleach exhibited the maximum decrease inwards stuff stiffness; in addition to maximum increment inwards H2O absorption, elongation at suspension in addition to GSM every bit compared amongst the other concentrations.
Effect of bleach launder on stuff GSM:
Bleaching stages | GSM | |
Before washing | 379 | |
After washing | Sample 01 | 371 |
Sample 02 | 373 | |
Sample 03 | 376 | |
It tin also live observed seen from Table that, handling of the denim garments amongst hypochlorite bleach at 5g/l concentration drive pregnant decreased the GSM (fabric weight) of the garments, whereas weight loss (GSM decreased) results accept previously been obtained amongst at in 1 lawsuit in addition to reactive dyed cotton fiber stuff substrate. During weaving cotton fiber fabrics were subjected to considerable tensions, especially inwards the warp direction. In subsequent finishing processes such every bit calendaring this stretch was increased in addition to temporarily educate inwards the fabric. The stuff is so inwards a province of dimensional instability. Subsequently when the denim garment was thoroughly wetted inwards bleach washing, it tended to revert its to a greater extent than stable dimensions which results inwards the contraction of the yarns. This consequence is unremarkably greater inwards the warp management than inwards the weft direction. This is known every bit relaxation shrinkage. Due to relaxation shrinkage, PPI (picks per inch) was increased than untreated denim garments, every bit a final result stuff weight loss is slightly minimized in addition to 10g/l concentration is optimum final result for bleach washing. Although decomposition occurred inwards hypochlorite bleach washing, at the same fourth dimension relaxation shrinkage happened, in addition to the GSM /fabric weight loss of denim garments were minimized slightly. This was observed that 10g/l concentration exhibits the minimum decrease inwards the stuff weight every bit compared amongst the other concentrations. Thus, 10g/l bleach launder is optimal in addition to this concentration of bleach exhibited the maximum decrease inwards stuff stiffness; in addition to maximum increment inwards H2O absorption, elongation at suspension in addition to GSM every bit compared amongst the other concentrations.
Effect of washing on color shade of denim fabric:
Processing phase | Grey scale ratting |
Before Wash | 5 |
Sample 01 | 3 |
Sample 02 | 2/3 |
Sample 03 | 2 |
Discussion:
It is obvious from Table that, bleaching has changed the color of the denim significantly. Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 higher grade of color fading is achieved after the bleaching treatment. After desizing, a slight modify inwards the color is observed compared to the earlier launder sample but the modify inwards the color is vast after bleaching. The divergence inwards color modify is minimum inwards softening.
Effect of washing on stiffness (Bending Length) of denim fabric:
The cotton fiber fibers are loosened past times bleaching handling every bit the fibrils are degraded in addition to partly detachedfrom the primary fiber chain in addition to softness increased. Moreover the size materials (Starch) are also removedfrom the warp yarns. As a final result bending length was less in addition to softness was increased. Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 pregnant modify tin live seen after the desizing every bit this measurement reduces nearly of the size materials from the fabric. As the size materials are removed from the warp yarns (as alone warp yarns are sized), the reduction inwards the stiffness is real much pregnant inwards the warp way.
Raw fabric:
After bleaching:
Sample 01:(conditions: D=15min,B=5min)
Sample 02:(condition:conc.12.5g/l,50oc,15min)
It is obvious from Table that, bleaching has changed the color of the denim significantly. Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 higher grade of color fading is achieved after the bleaching treatment. After desizing, a slight modify inwards the color is observed compared to the earlier launder sample but the modify inwards the color is vast after bleaching. The divergence inwards color modify is minimum inwards softening.
Effect of washing on tensile strength of fabric:
The effects of bleaching pulverization on denim garment washing amongst dissimilar concentrations from 5g/l to 15g/l of KCI bleach for twenty bit were investigated. It tin live seen from Table that, handling of denim amongst bleaching pulverization at 5g/l concentration drive pregnant decrease of tensile strength in addition to this decrease was higher at higher bleach concentrations. It is observed that 15g/l concentration exhibited the highest decrease inwards the loss of tensile strength every bit compared amongst the other concentrations. Bleaching pulverization decomposed cotton fiber nether the weather condition used. Bleaching pulverization get-go attacked on dyed yarn portion, decomposed them slow in addition to fibers are partly degraded from the yarn chain in addition to measurement past times measurement penetrated within fabric. Therefore, the chemic bonds of primary wall (outer layer) are broken past times the decomposition of the aqueous solution of hypochlorite bleach. After that it attacked on secondary wall. The final result of this reaction is that the primary wall (outer layer) of the cotton fiber fiber is loosened in addition to broken downwardly quicker amongst the frictional activity (mechanical forces) of rotating cylinder of the washing machine. The consequence also depends on the weather condition of washing. Bleaching phase | Tensile strength(warp) | Tensile strength(weft) | |
Before wash | 545 | 280 | |
After wash | Sample 1 | 455 | 250 |
Sample 2 | 460 | 260 | |
Sample 3 | 440 | 260 | |
Sample 4 | 445 | 255 | |
The cotton fiber fibers are loosened past times bleaching handling every bit the fibrils are degraded in addition to partly detachedfrom the primary fiber chain in addition to softness increased. Moreover the size materials (Starch) are also removedfrom the warp yarns. As a final result bending length was less in addition to softness was increased. Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 pregnant modify tin live seen after the desizing every bit this measurement reduces nearly of the size materials from the fabric. As the size materials are removed from the warp yarns (as alone warp yarns are sized), the reduction inwards the stiffness is real much pregnant inwards the warp way.
Raw fabric:
Direction | Face left | Face right | Back left | Back right | Average |
Warp | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3 | 3 | 3.25 |
Weft | 2.5 | 2.45 | 2.85 | 2.78 | 2.645 |
After bleaching:
Sample 01:(conditions: D=15min,B=5min)
Direction | Face left | Face right | Back left | Back right | Average |
Warp | 3.1 | 3.1 | 2.9 | 3.05 | 3.0375 |
Weft | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.8 | 2.75 | 2.5375 |
Sample 02:(condition:conc.12.5g/l,50oc,15min)
Direction | Face left | Face right | Back left | Back right | Average |
Warp | 3.2 | 3.1 | 2.85 | 2.75 | 2.975 |
Weft | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.55 | 2.6 | 2.3875 |
Effect of wet content in addition to wet regain:
Washing condition | Moisture content | Moisture regain | |
Before wash | 3.80 | 4.10 | |
After wash | Sample01 | 5.74 | 6.09 |
Sample02 | 5.79 | 6.15 | |
Sample03 | 6.09 | 6.48 | |
Moisture content is a mensurate of the aeroplane of H2O inwards the denim samples. It tin live seen from Table that the wet contents of the bleach treated samples amongst diverse concentrations from 5g/l – 15g/l are similar in addition to are the gain of 8.3-8.51%, whereas untreated sample was 7.5%. Same holds truthful for the elongation at suspension also. Elongation at suspension of the treated denim garments amongst diverse concentrations is similar in addition to the gain of elongation 41-48% lengthwise in addition to 21-22% widthwise, whereas untreated sample was 24% in addition to 16% respectively.
Conclusion
The bleaching in addition to softening handling accept a corking influence on the mechanical in addition to color properties of denim fabric.
The fading consequence tin live increased past times the bleaching but bleaching also reduces thefabric weight, tensile strength in addition to seam strength which mightiness cut the serviceability of the garments. So an optimum bleaching activity is required to larn the required fading consequence in addition to softness without compensating some of import properties of denim.
Finally, inwards denim washing our province has a vivid futurity due to broad spread marketplace of denim garments. We request thorough noesis on denim handling procedure in addition to also on the fashion going to a greater extent than or less the world. And this projection volition live a guideline for them who are interested inwards the sector. pioneer inwards the acre of difficult washing. And nosotros believe that this projection volition live a guideline for the washing plants inwards agreement in addition to doing diverse treatments.
References:
Conclusion
The bleaching in addition to softening handling accept a corking influence on the mechanical in addition to color properties of denim fabric.
The fading consequence tin live increased past times the bleaching but bleaching also reduces thefabric weight, tensile strength in addition to seam strength which mightiness cut the serviceability of the garments. So an optimum bleaching activity is required to larn the required fading consequence in addition to softness without compensating some of import properties of denim.
Finally, inwards denim washing our province has a vivid futurity due to broad spread marketplace of denim garments. We request thorough noesis on denim handling procedure in addition to also on the fashion going to a greater extent than or less the world. And this projection volition live a guideline for them who are interested inwards the sector. pioneer inwards the acre of difficult washing. And nosotros believe that this projection volition live a guideline for the washing plants inwards agreement in addition to doing diverse treatments.
References:
- HAMS washing & dyeing Ltd.
- www.wikipedia.Com
- Class lectures
- Technology of bleaching & mercerizing (v.a.Shenai)( Book)
- "How jeans conquered the world". BBC News. 2012-02-28.
- Mogahzy, Y. E. (2009). Engineering Textiles: Integrating the Design in addition to Manufacture of Textile Products (First Edition ed.). Woodhead Publishing Ltd. p. 362. ISBN 978-1-84569-048-9.
- In 1789 George Washington toured a Beverly, Massachusetts mill producing machine-woven cotton fiber denim. (Massachusetts Foundation for the Humanities: Mass Moments)
- Bellis, Mary. "Levi Strauss - The History of Blue Jeans". About.com. The New York Times Company. Retrieved 2010-08-04. "Levi Strauss had the canvass made into waist overalls. Miners liked the pants, but complained that they tended to chafe. Levi Strauss substituted a twilled cotton fiber cloth from French Republic called "serge de Nimes." The stuff after became known every bit denim in addition to the pants were nicknamed bluish jeans." In INDIA jeans was introduced past times famous model Reddeppa. In French of Nimes or De Nimes shortened to Denim
- Coe, Nick. "The Essential Raw Denim Breakdown – Our 100th Article!". RawrDenim.com. Edmonton, Alberta, Canada: RawrDenim.com. Retrieved 2012-03-28. I had read somewhere that a duet of raw denim is similar an individualized canvass. Indeed the fade results in addition to whatever other visible marks, rips, or tears are specific you lot in addition to your body. For a dramatic example of what nosotros mean, hop over to Takayuki Akachi’sdocumentary on the “Traveling Denim“.
- Slater, Sean. "When Should I Wash My Raw Jeans? – Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 Rough Guide". RawrDenim.com. Edmonton, Alberta, Canada: RawrDenim.com. Retrieved 2012-03-28. If you’re able to wearable your jeans all day, every solar daytime so vi months may live long plenty (or mayhap fifty-fifty every bit good long). But if you’re similar many folks who accept to wearable a uniform or wearing clothing professionally for v days of the week, so you’ll request to a greater extent than fourth dimension to attain the same results, maybe ix months or more.
- Coe, Nick. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9